mosici grammar update
This commit is contained in:
@ -7,14 +7,15 @@
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#set heading(numbering: "I.A.1.a.")
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#set heading(numbering: "I.A.1.a.")
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#let low = html.span.with(class: "low")
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#let low = html.span.with(class: "low")
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#let gloss-opts = (
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#let gloss-opts = (
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txt-style: sn,
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txt-style: sn,
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translation-style: low,
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translation-style: low,
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)
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)
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#let g = gloss.with(..gloss-opts)
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#let g = gloss.with(..gloss-opts)
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#let ex = example.with(..gloss-opts)
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#let ex = example.with(..gloss-opts)
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#let bl = "["
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#let bl = "["
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#let br = "]"
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#let br = "]"
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#let ann = it => sub(sc(it))
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#let ann = it => sub(sc(it))
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#let abb = it => low(sc(it))
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This page describes Cairniasial standard Mosici, with brief mentions about other
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This page describes Cairniasial standard Mosici, with brief mentions about other
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close varieties such as Sialmoséce standard Mosici
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close varieties such as Sialmoséce standard Mosici
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@ -23,20 +24,20 @@ close varieties such as Sialmoséce standard Mosici
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== Phonology <sec-phonology>
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== Phonology <sec-phonology>
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Mosici has the following phonemes
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Mosici has the following phonemes
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#table(
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#table(
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columns: 5,
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columns: 5,
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[], [*Labial*], [*Coronal*], [*Palatal*], [*Dorsal*],
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[], [*Labial*], [*Coronal*], [*Palatal*], [*Dorsal*],
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[*Nasal*], [m], [n], [], [],
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[*Nasal*], [m], [n], [], [],
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[*Stop*], [p], [t], [], [k],
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[*Stop*], [p], [t], [], [k],
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[*Fricative*], [f v], [s z], [ɕ ʑ], [ʀ],
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[*Fricative*], [f v], [s z], [ɕ ʑ], [ʀ],
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[*Approximants*], [w], [], [j], [ʟ],
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[*Approximants*], [w], [], [j], [ʟ],
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)
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)
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#table(
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#table(
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columns: 3,
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columns: 3,
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[], [*Front*], [*Back*],
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[], [*Front*], [*Back*],
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[*Close*], [i y], [u],
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[*Close*], [i y], [u],
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[*Close-Mid*], [e ø], [o],
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[*Close-Mid*], [e ø], [o],
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[*Open-Mid*], [ɛ], [ɔ],
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[*Open-Mid*], [ɛ], [ɔ],
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[*Open*], table.cell(colspan: 2)[a],
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[*Open*], table.cell(colspan: 2)[a],
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)
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)
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All vowels can also all be long,
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All vowels can also all be long,
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@ -46,24 +47,24 @@ There is also the following allophony rules:
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- The dorsal approximant is realised as a [ẅ] off-glide in coda positions.
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- The dorsal approximant is realised as a [ẅ] off-glide in coda positions.
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- The dorsal fricative is realised as a [ɐ̯] off-glide in coda positions.
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- The dorsal fricative is realised as a [ɐ̯] off-glide in coda positions.
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- The dorsal fricative is realised as a true fricative [ʁ] in consonant
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- The dorsal fricative is realised as a true fricative [ʁ] in consonant
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clusters.
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clusters.
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- /n/ nasalises a preceding vowel.
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- /n/ nasalises a preceding vowel.
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- /n/ itself is not pronounced in coda positions.#footnote[still applies
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- /n/ itself is not pronounced in coda positions.#footnote[still applies
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nasalisation] <fn-nasal-even-coda>
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nasalisation] <fn-nasal-even-coda>
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- Nasalised close vowels are realised as mid-centralised: /ĩ ĩː ỹ ỹː ũ ũː/ [ɪ̃ ɪ̃ː
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- Nasalised close vowels are realised as mid-centralised: /ĩ ĩː ỹ ỹː ũ ũː/ [ɪ̃ ɪ̃ː
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ʏ̃ ʏ̃ː ʊ̃ ʊ̃ː]
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ʏ̃ ʏ̃ː ʊ̃ ʊ̃ː]
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- The dorsal plosive ⁊ approximant are realised as palatal before /i y e j/
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- The dorsal plosive ⁊ approximant are realised as palatal before /i y e j/
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#footnote[or their or their long and/or nasalised
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#footnote[or their or their long and/or nasalised
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variants] <fn-dorsal-assimilation>,
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variants] <fn-dorsal-assimilation>,
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- The dorsal plosive ⁊ approximant are realised as uvular before /u o
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- The dorsal plosive ⁊ approximant are realised as uvular before /u o
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w/@fn-dorsal-assimilation
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w/@fn-dorsal-assimilation
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- The dorsal plosive ⁊ approximant are realised as palatal after /e i
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- The dorsal plosive ⁊ approximant are realised as palatal after /e i
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j/@fn-dorsal-assimilation or in the coda of a syllable with /e
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j/@fn-dorsal-assimilation or in the coda of a syllable with /e
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i/@fn-dorsal-assimilation as the nucleus.
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i/@fn-dorsal-assimilation as the nucleus.
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- The dorsal plosive ⁊ approximant are realised as velar otherwise
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- The dorsal plosive ⁊ approximant are realised as velar otherwise
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- Plosives are realised as voiced next to other phonemically voiced consonants.
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- Plosives are realised as voiced next to other phonemically voiced consonants.
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- Plosives are realised as non-sibilant fricatives of the same place of
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- Plosives are realised as non-sibilant fricatives of the same place of
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articulation word finally.
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articulation word finally.
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== Coalescence <sec-coalescence>
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== Coalescence <sec-coalescence>
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@ -76,25 +77,25 @@ that sound change occurred.
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The process goes thusly (before applying the allophony):
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The process goes thusly (before applying the allophony):
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1. Group <enumitem-coalesce-start> all consecutive vowels by pairs, starting at
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1. Group <enumitem-coalesce-start> all consecutive vowels by pairs, starting at
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near the start of the word
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near the start of the word
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2. Combine all pairs of vowels according to the table below (the first vowel
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2. Combine all pairs of vowels according to the table below (the first vowel
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indexes the row, and the second vowel indexes the column)
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indexes the row, and the second vowel indexes the column)
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3. If any vowel is long, the resulting vowel is long;
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3. If any vowel is long, the resulting vowel is long;
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4. Repeat from #context link(
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4. Repeat from #context link(
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query(<enumitem-coalesce-start>).first().location(),
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query(<enumitem-coalesce-start>).first().location(),
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)[step 1] until all hiatus has been resolved.
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)[step 1] until all hiatus has been resolved.
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#table(
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#table(
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columns: 10,
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columns: 10,
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[ ], [*a*], [*ɛ*], [*ɔ*], [*e*], [*ø*], [*o*], [*i*], [*y*], [*u*],
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[ ], [*a*], [*ɛ*], [*ɔ*], [*e*], [*ø*], [*o*], [*i*], [*y*], [*u*],
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[*a*], [ɔ], [a], [ɔ], [ɛ], [ɛ], [ɔ], [e], [ø], [o],
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[*a*], [ɔ], [a], [ɔ], [ɛ], [ɛ], [ɔ], [e], [ø], [o],
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[*ɛ*], [ɛ], [i], [ø], [i], [e], [ø], [i], [ø], [ø],
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[*ɛ*], [ɛ], [i], [ø], [i], [e], [ø], [i], [ø], [ø],
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[*ɔ*], [ɔ], [ø], [ɔ], [ø], [ø], [o], [ø], [ø], [o],
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[*ɔ*], [ɔ], [ø], [ɔ], [ø], [ø], [o], [ø], [ø], [o],
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[*e*], [ɛ], [i], [ø], [i], [e], [ø], [i], [ø], [ø],
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[*e*], [ɛ], [i], [ø], [i], [e], [ø], [i], [ø], [ø],
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[*ø*], [ø], [e], [ø], [e], [y], [ø], [y], [y], [y],
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[*ø*], [ø], [e], [ø], [e], [y], [ø], [y], [y], [y],
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[*o*], [ɔ], [ø], [o], [ø], [ø], [u], [ø], [ø], [u],
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[*o*], [ɔ], [ø], [o], [ø], [ø], [u], [ø], [ø], [u],
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[*i*], [ja], [jɛ], [jɔ], [je], [jø], [jo], [i], [jy], [ju],
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[*i*], [ja], [jɛ], [jɔ], [je], [jø], [jo], [i], [jy], [ju],
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[*y*], [ø], [ø], [ø], [ø], [y], [ø], [i], [i], [y],
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[*y*], [ø], [ø], [ø], [ø], [y], [ø], [i], [i], [y],
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[*u*], [wa], [wɛ], [wɔ], [we], [wø], [wo], [wi], [y], [u],
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[*u*], [wa], [wɛ], [wɔ], [we], [wø], [wo], [wi], [y], [u],
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)
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)
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== The Nahan Script <sec-nahan-script>
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== The Nahan Script <sec-nahan-script>
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@ -104,57 +105,57 @@ the following letters, digraphs and diacritic’d letters. The sole diacritic is
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called the #sn[] 〈sitrapaóha〉.
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called the #sn[] 〈sitrapaóha〉.
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#figure(caption: [Poliahr for Mosici], table(
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#figure(caption: [Poliahr for Mosici], table(
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columns: 5,
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columns: 5,
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[*Letter*], [*Transliteration*], [*Value (IPA)*], [*Name*], [*Name (IPA)*],
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[*Letter*], [*Transliteration*], [*Value (IPA)*], [*Name*], [*Name (IPA)*],
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sn[], [p], [/p/ /p/], sn[], [[pe]],
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sn[], [p], [/p/], sn[], [[pe]],
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sn[], [o], [/o/ /o/], sn[], [[us]],
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sn[], [o], [/o/], sn[], [[us]],
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sn[], [l], [/ʟ/ /l/], sn[], [[ʟɔ̃]],
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sn[], [l], [/ʟ/], sn[], [[ʟɔ̃]],
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sn[], [i], [/e/ /i/], sn[], [[iɐ̯nɛ]],
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sn[], [i], [/e/], sn[], [[iɐ̯nɛ]],
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sn[], [a], [/a/ /ɑ/], sn[], [[ɔ̃ɸ]],
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sn[], [a], [/a/], sn[], [[ɔ̃ɸ]],
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sn[],
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sn[],
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[h],
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[h],
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[/∅/#footnote[Lengthens a preceding vowel] <fn-script-h> /x/],
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[/∅/#footnote[Lengthens a preceding vowel] <fn-script-h>],
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sn[],
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sn[],
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[[apfɛ]],
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[[apfɛ]],
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sn[],
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sn[],
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[r],
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[r],
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[/ʀ/ [ɣ]],
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[/ʀ/],
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sn[ #footnote[Literally "sounded hapfe"] <fn-script-sounded>],
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sn[ #footnote[Literally "sounded hapfe"] <fn-script-sounded>],
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[[fasteɕɛx apfɛ]],
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[[fasteɕɛx apfɛ]],
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sn[], [c], [/k/ /k/], sn[], [[kaẅ]],
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sn[], [c], [/k/], sn[], [[kaẅ]],
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sn[], [n], [/n/ /n/], sn[], [[nɔẅ]],
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sn[], [n], [/n/], sn[], [[nɔẅ]],
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sn[], [e], [/ɛ/ /e/], sn[], [[istaẅ]],
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sn[], [e], [/ɛ/], sn[], [[istaẅ]],
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sn[], [s], [/z/ /s/], sn[], [[ɕpaẅ]],
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sn[], [s], [/z/], sn[], [[ɕpaẅ]],
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sn[], [f], [/v/ /f/], sn[], [[fasoː]],
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sn[], [f], [/v/], sn[], [[fasoː]],
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sn[], [m], [/m/ /m/], sn[], [[miʎɔ]],
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sn[], [m], [/m/], sn[], [[miʎɔ]],
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sn[], [t], [/t/ /t/], sn[], [[tɛɟjo]],
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sn[], [t], [/t/], sn[], [[tɛɟjo]],
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))
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))
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#figure(caption: [Digraphs], table(
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#figure(caption: [Digraphs], table(
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columns: 3,
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columns: 3,
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[*Letter(s)*], [*Transliteration*], [*Value IPA*],
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[*Letter(s)*], [*Transliteration*], [*Value IPA*],
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sn[], [ó], [/u/],
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sn[], [ó], [/u/],
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sn[], [í], [/i/],
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sn[], [í], [/i/],
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sn[], [á], [/ɔ/],
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sn[], [á], [/ɔ/],
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sn[], [é], [/i/],
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sn[], [é], [/i/],
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sn[], [ssi], [/ɕ/],
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sn[], [ssi], [/ɕ/],
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sn[], [si], [/ʑ/],
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sn[], [si], [/ʑ/],
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sn[], [ff], [/f/],
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sn[], [ff], [/f/],
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sn[], [ss], [/s/],
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sn[], [ss], [/s/],
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))
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))
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#figure(caption: [Punctuation], table(
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#figure(caption: [Punctuation], table(
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columns: 3,
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columns: 3,
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[*Punctuation*], [*Transliteration*], [*Use*],
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[*Punctuation*], [*Transliteration*], [*Use*],
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sn[], [,], [Comma, short break],
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sn[], [,], [Comma, short break],
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sn[], [.], [Period, long break, sentence end],
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sn[], [.], [Period, long break, sentence end],
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sn[], [· or -], [word-internal separator, hyphen],
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sn[], [· or -], [word-internal separator, hyphen],
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sn[],
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sn[],
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[’ or : or .],
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[’ or : or .],
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[Abbreviation mark, list initiator and hyphenation marker (on both sides of
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[Abbreviation mark, list initiator and hyphenation marker (on both sides of
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the cut).\ Transliteration depends on use],
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the cut).\ Transliteration depends on use],
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sn[ ], [( )], [Quotes or parrenthesis],
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sn[ ], [( )], [Quotes or parrenthesis],
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))
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))
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=== Numbering with the Poliahr order
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=== Numbering with the Poliahr order
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@ -172,24 +173,24 @@ new modified letters, inserted after their plain versions in the order. They
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aren't used in Poliahr order numbering either.
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aren't used in Poliahr order numbering either.
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|
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#figure(caption: [New letters in Sialmoséce standard Mosici], table(
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#figure(caption: [New letters in Sialmoséce standard Mosici], table(
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columns: 5,
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columns: 5,
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[*Letter*], [*Transliteration*], [*Value (IPA)*], [*Name*], [*Name (IPA)*],
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[*Letter*], [*Transliteration*], [*Value (IPA)*], [*Name*], [*Name (IPA)*],
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sn[], [z], [/z/], sn[ ], [[fasteɕɛx ɕpaẅ]],
|
sn[], [z], [/z/], sn[ ], [[fasteɕɛx ɕpaẅ]],
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sn[], [v], [/v/], sn[ ], [[fasteɕex fasoː]],
|
sn[], [v], [/v/], sn[ ], [[fasteɕex fasoː]],
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))
|
))
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the following sequences are thus respelled
|
the following sequences are thus respelled
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#figure(
|
#figure(
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caption: [Repellings in Sialmoséce standard Mosici],
|
caption: [Repellings in Sialmoséce standard Mosici],
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table(
|
table(
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columns: 2,
|
columns: 2,
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[*Cairniasial Standard*], [*Sialmoséce Standard*],
|
[*Cairniasial Standard*], [*Sialmoséce Standard*],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[]
|
sn[], sn[],
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),
|
),
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)
|
)
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|
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== Examples <ex-ortho>
|
== Examples <ex-ortho>
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@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ the following sequences are thus respelled
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- → /mosik#high[i]k/ #low[Coalescence]
|
- → /mosik#high[i]k/ #low[Coalescence]
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- → [mosi#high[c]i#high[ç]/ #low[Allophony]
|
- → [mosi#high[c]i#high[ç]/ #low[Allophony]
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|
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#sn[] ⟨an·nielvc⟩ "of Nyelaf"
|
#sn[] ⟨an·nielfc⟩ "of Nyelaf"
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- \*/annjɛʟvk/
|
- \*/annjɛʟvk/
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- → /a#high[n]jɛʟvk/ #low[Particle shenanigans]
|
- → /a#high[n]jɛʟvk/ #low[Particle shenanigans]
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- → [#high[ã]njɛ#high[ẅ]v#high[ɣ]] #low[Allophony]
|
- → [#high[ã]njɛ#high[ẅ]v#high[ɣ]] #low[Allophony]
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@ -220,16 +221,16 @@ pronunciation of the plural isn't directly derivable from the pronunciation of
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the singular.
|
the singular.
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|
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#table(
|
#table(
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columns: 2,
|
columns: 2,
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[*Singular*], [*Plural*],
|
[*Singular*], [*Plural*],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
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||||||
)
|
)
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|
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=== Cases <morph-nouns-cases>
|
=== Cases <morph-nouns-cases>
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@ -243,284 +244,293 @@ the agent form: the concatenative pattern, and the 6 substitutive patterns
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(#sn[], #sn[], #sn[], #sn[], #sn[], #sn[])
|
(#sn[], #sn[], #sn[], #sn[], #sn[], #sn[])
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|
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#table(
|
#table(
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columns: 8,
|
columns: 8,
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align: center,
|
align: center,
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[],
|
[],
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[*C*],
|
[*C*],
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[*Sub* #sn[]],
|
[*Sub* #sn[]],
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[*Sub* #sn[]],
|
[*Sub* #sn[]],
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[*Sub* #sn[]],
|
[*Sub* #sn[]],
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[*Sub* #sn[]],
|
[*Sub* #sn[]],
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[*Sub* #sn[]],
|
[*Sub* #sn[]],
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||||||
[*Sub* #sn[]],
|
[*Sub* #sn[]],
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[*Agent*], [∅], sn[], sn[], sn[], sn[], sn[], sn[],
|
[*Agent*], [∅], sn[], sn[], sn[], sn[], sn[], sn[],
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[*Patient*], table.cell(colspan: 7, sn[]),
|
[*Patient*], table.cell(colspan: 7, sn[]),
|
||||||
[*Genitive*], table.cell(colspan: 7, sn[]),
|
[*Genitive*], table.cell(colspan: 7, sn[]),
|
||||||
[*Dative*], sn[], sn[], sn[], sn[], sn[],
|
[*Dative*], sn[], sn[], sn[], sn[], sn[],
|
||||||
sn[], sn[],
|
sn[], sn[],
|
||||||
[*Ablative*],
|
[*Ablative*],
|
||||||
table.cell(colspan: 3, sn[]),
|
table.cell(colspan: 3, sn[]),
|
||||||
table.cell(colspan: 2, sn[]),
|
table.cell(colspan: 2, sn[]),
|
||||||
table.cell(colspan: 2, sn[]),
|
table.cell(colspan: 2, sn[]),
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Agent <case-agent>
|
==== Agent <case-agent>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Agent case #low(sc[age]) indicates the agent of a transitive clause, or the
|
The Agent case #ann[age] indicates the agent of a transitive clause, or the
|
||||||
subject of an active intransitive clause.
|
subject of an active intransitive clause.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Agent case in an transitive clause],
|
caption: [Agent case in an transitive clause],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[] ],
|
txt: [#high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: (high[loarne], [aint], [ilaalih.]),
|
translit: (high[loarne], [aint], [ilaalih.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + high[ʟɔɐ̯nɛ], [ɛ̃ð], [eʎɔʎeː] + br),
|
phono: (bl + high[ʟɔɐ̯nɛ], [ɛ̃ð], [eʎɔʎeː] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (high[Loarne.#sc[age]], sc[dem.pat], [say.#sc[pst.3sa]]),
|
morphemes: (high[Loarne.#sc[age]], sc[dem.pat], [say.#sc[pst.3sa]]),
|
||||||
translation: [#high[Loarne] said that],
|
translation: [#high[Loarne] said that],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-age-trans",
|
lbl: "ex-case-age-trans",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Agent case in an active intransitive clause],
|
caption: [Agent case in an active intransitive clause],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[] #high[] ],
|
txt: [#high[] #high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: ([#high[loarne]], [i], high[masealn], [fionreor.]),
|
translit: ([#high[loarne]], [i], high[masealn], [fionreor.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + high[ʟɔɐ̯nɛ], [e], high[mazɛ̃ẅ], [vjõʀøɐ̯] + br),
|
phono: (bl + high[ʟɔɐ̯nɛ], [e], high[mazɛ̃ẅ], [vjõʀøɐ̯] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (
|
morphemes: (
|
||||||
high[Loarne.#sc[age]],
|
high[Loarne.#sc[age]],
|
||||||
[and],
|
[and],
|
||||||
high[Mazealn.#sc[age]],
|
high[Mazealn.#sc[age]],
|
||||||
[eat.#sc[fut.3pa]],
|
[eat.#sc[fut.3pa]],
|
||||||
),
|
),
|
||||||
translation: [#high[Loarne] and #high[Mazealn] will eat],
|
translation: [#high[Loarne] and #high[Mazealn] will eat],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-age-intrans",
|
lbl: "ex-case-age-intrans",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Patient <case-patient>
|
==== Patient <case-patient>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Patient case #low(sc[pat]) indicates the patient of a transitive clause, or
|
The Patient case #ann[pat] indicates the patient of a transitive clause, or the
|
||||||
the subject of a stative intransitive clause.
|
subject of a stative intransitive clause.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Patient case in a transitive clause#footnote[Note that while the
|
caption: [Patient case in a transitive clause#footnote[Note that while the
|
||||||
pronoun is dropped thanks to the verb conjugation, but the clause is still
|
pronoun is dropped thanks to the verb conjugation, but the clause is
|
||||||
transitive]<fn-pat-trans>],
|
still transitive]<fn-pat-trans>],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[] ],
|
txt: [#high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: (high[nriiht], [fionreeff.]),
|
translit: (high[nriiht], [fionreeff.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + high[nʁiːθ], [vjõʀiɸ] + br),
|
phono: (bl + high[nʁiːθ], [vjõʀiɸ] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (high[grain#sc[.pl.pat]], [eat#sc[.prs.1s]]),
|
morphemes: (high[grain#sc[.pl.pat]], [eat#sc[.prs.1s]]),
|
||||||
translation: [I eat #high[grains]],
|
translation: [I eat #high[grains]],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-pat-trans",
|
lbl: "ex-case-pat-trans",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Patient case in an intransitive clause],
|
caption: [Patient case in an intransitive clause],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[] ],
|
txt: [#high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: (high[rent], [oítass.]),
|
translit: (high[rent], [oítass.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + high[ʀɛ̃ð], [ytas] + br),
|
phono: (bl + high[ʀɛ̃ð], [ytas] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (high[house#sc[.pat]], [be\_tall#sc[gno.3si]]),
|
morphemes: (high[house#sc[.pat]], [be\_tall#sc[gno.3si]]),
|
||||||
translation: [#high[The house] is tall],
|
translation: [#high[The house] is tall],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-pat-intrans",
|
lbl: "ex-case-pat-intrans",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Genitive <case-genitive>
|
==== Genitive <case-genitive>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The genitive case #low(sc[gen]) indicates possession or qualification. Note that
|
The genitive case #ann[gen] indicates possession or qualification. Note that in
|
||||||
in the case of qualification, the formation of a compound is also possible.
|
the case of qualification, the formation of a compound is also possible. Note:
|
||||||
Note: Compounding is not subject to coalescence.
|
Compounding is not subject to coalescence.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Possessive genitive case],
|
caption: [Possessive genitive case],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[] ],
|
txt: [#high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: (high[ilc], [ren]),
|
translit: (high[ilc], [ren]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + high[eẅɣ], [ʀɛ̃] + br),
|
phono: (bl + high[eẅɣ], [ʀɛ̃] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (high(sc[1s.gen]), [house#sc[.age]]),
|
morphemes: (high(sc[1s.gen]), [house#sc[.age]]),
|
||||||
translation: [#high[my] house],
|
translation: [#high[my] house],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-gen-poss",
|
lbl: "ex-case-gen-poss",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Qualificative genitive case],
|
caption: [Qualificative genitive case],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[] ],
|
txt: [#high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: (high[áhioc], [isofe]),
|
translit: (high[áhioc], [issofe]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + high[øːx], [esovɛ] + br),
|
phono: (bl + high[øːx], [esovɛ] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (high[fiction.#sc[gen]], [job#sc[.age]]),
|
morphemes: (high[fiction.#sc[gen]], [job#sc[.age]]),
|
||||||
translation: [a #high[fictional] job],
|
translation: [a #high[fictional] job],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-gen-qual",
|
lbl: "ex-case-gen-qual",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Compounding],
|
caption: [Compounding],
|
||||||
txt: [],
|
txt: [],
|
||||||
translit: ([#sn[]\ áhio-], [#sn[]\ isofe]),
|
translit: ([#sn[]\ áhio-], [#sn[]\ issofe]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + [øː-], [esovɛ] + br),
|
phono: (bl + [øː-], [esovɛ] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: ([fiction-], [job#sc[.age]]),
|
morphemes: ([fiction-], [job#sc[.age]]),
|
||||||
translation: [a fictional job],
|
translation: [a fictional job],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-gen-compound",
|
lbl: "ex-case-gen-compound",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Dative <case-dative>
|
==== Dative <case-dative>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The dative case #low(sc[dat]) indicates the beneficiary of a ditransitive verbs,
|
The dative case #ann[dat] indicates the beneficiary of a ditransitive verbs, as
|
||||||
as well as indicating a direction faced. Note hover that it isn't used with
|
well as indicating a direction faced. Note hover that it isn't used with verbs
|
||||||
verbs of movement towards something, for those use the patient case (see
|
of movement towards something, for those use the patient case (see
|
||||||
@case-patient) instead, the dative instead indicates the means of displacement.
|
@case-patient) instead, the dative instead indicates the means of displacement.
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Dative in ditransitive clauses],
|
caption: [Dative in ditransitive clauses],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[] ],
|
txt: [#high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: (high[elssi], [rent], [ssiehíeff]),
|
translit: (high[elssi], [rent], [ssiehíeff]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + high[ɛẅɕ], [ʀɛ̃ð], [ɕjɛːf] + br),
|
phono: (bl + high[ɛẅɕ], [ʀɛ̃ð], [ɕjɛːf] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (high(sc[2s.dat]), [house#sc[.pat]], [give.#sc[pres.1s]]),
|
morphemes: (high(sc[2s.dat]), [house#sc[.pat]], [give.#sc[pres.1s]]),
|
||||||
translation: [I give #high[you] a house],
|
translation: [I give #high[you] a house],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-dat-ditrans",
|
lbl: "ex-case-dat-ditrans",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Dative as means of displacement for verbs of movement towards],
|
caption: [Dative as means of displacement for verbs of movement towards],
|
||||||
txt: [ #high[] ],
|
txt: [ #high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: ([an·ssialmossécet], high[ffoítstsselassi], [oissailin.]),
|
translit: ([an·ssialmossécet], high[ffoítstsselassi], [oissailin.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + [ãɕaẅmosicɛθ], high[fydztsɛʟaɕ], [øsɛʎẽ] + br),
|
phono: (bl + [ãɕaẅmosicɛθ], high[fydztsɛʟaɕ], [øsɛʎẽ] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (
|
morphemes: (
|
||||||
[#sc[ppn-]Sialmoséce#sc[.dat]],
|
[#sc[ppn-]Sialmoséce#sc[.dat]],
|
||||||
high[train.#sc[dat]],
|
high[train.#sc[dat]],
|
||||||
[go#sc[.pst.2s]],
|
[go#sc[.pst.2s]],
|
||||||
),
|
),
|
||||||
translation: [You#ann[sg] went to Sialmoséce #high[by train]],
|
translation: [You#ann[sg] went to Sialmoséce #high[by train]],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-dat-mot",
|
lbl: "ex-case-dat-mot",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Dative as an allative substitute for other verbs],
|
caption: [Dative as an allative substitute for other verbs],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[] ],
|
txt: [#high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: (
|
translit: (
|
||||||
high[an·cairniasialsi],
|
high[an·cairniassialssi],
|
||||||
[an·sialmosécet],
|
[an·ssialmosécet],
|
||||||
[foítztselavia],
|
[ffoítstsselafia],
|
||||||
[vilinef.],
|
[filineff.],
|
||||||
),
|
),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + high[ãkɛɐ̯nɛɕaẅɕ], [ãɕaẅmosicɛθ], [fydztsɛʟavja], [veʎẽnɛf] + br),
|
phono: (
|
||||||
morphemes: (
|
bl + high[ãkɛɐ̯nɛɕaẅɕ],
|
||||||
high[#sc[ppn-]Cairniasial#sc[.dat]],
|
[ãɕaẅmosicɛθ],
|
||||||
[#sc[ppn-]Sialmoséce#sc[.pat]],
|
[fydztsɛʟavja],
|
||||||
[train.#sc[abl]],
|
[veʎẽnɛf] + br,
|
||||||
[leave.#sc[prs.1s]],
|
),
|
||||||
),
|
morphemes: (
|
||||||
translation: [I leave Sialmoséce by train #high[to Cairniasial].],
|
high[#sc[ppn-]Cairniasial#sc[.dat]],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-dat-all",
|
[#sc[ppn-]Sialmoséce#sc[.pat]],
|
||||||
|
[train.#sc[abl]],
|
||||||
|
[leave.#sc[prs.1s]],
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
translation: [I leave Sialmoséce by train #high[to Cairniasial].],
|
||||||
|
lbl: "ex-case-dat-all",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Ablative <case-abl>
|
==== Ablative <case-abl>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The ablative case #low(sc[abl]) indicates the provenance of the action. It is
|
The ablative case #ann[abl] indicates the provenance of the action. It is also
|
||||||
also used as an instrumental, indicating the means by which the action is done.
|
used as an instrumental, indicating the means by which the action is done. For
|
||||||
For verbs of movement away from something, it only has it's instrumental
|
verbs of movement away from something, it only has it's instrumental meaning,
|
||||||
meaning, the source is indicated by the patient case (see @case-patient). For
|
the source is indicated by the patient case (see @case-patient). For verbs of
|
||||||
verbs of movement towards something, the ablative doesn't have the instrumental
|
movement towards something, the ablative doesn't have the instrumental meaning,
|
||||||
meaning, for that role use the dative instead.
|
for that role use the dative instead.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Ablative case in an ablative meaning],
|
caption: [Ablative case in an ablative meaning],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[] ],
|
txt: [#high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: (high[an·sialmosécevia], [nriiht], [vionreef.]),
|
translit: (high[an·ssialmossécefia], [nriiht], [fionreeff.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + [ãɕaẅmosicɛvja], [nʁiːθ], [vjõʀiɸ] + br),
|
phono: (bl + [ãɕaẅmosicɛvja], [nʁiːθ], [vjõʀiɸ] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (
|
morphemes: (
|
||||||
high[#sc[ppn]-Sialmoséce.#sc[abl]],
|
high[#sc[ppn]-Sialmoséce.#sc[abl]],
|
||||||
[grain#sc[.pl.pat]],
|
[grain#sc[.pl.pat]],
|
||||||
[eat#sc[.prs.1s]],
|
[eat#sc[.prs.1s]],
|
||||||
),
|
),
|
||||||
translation: [I eat grains #high[from Sialmoséce]],
|
translation: [I eat grains #high[from Sialmoséce]],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-abl-abl",
|
lbl: "ex-case-abl-abl",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Ablative case as instrumental],
|
caption: [Ablative case as instrumental],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[] ],
|
txt: [#high[] ],
|
||||||
translit: (high[hoévenvia], [cirtív.]),
|
translit: (high[hoéfenfia], [cirtíf.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + high[yvɛ̃vja], [ceɐ̯div] + br),
|
phono: (bl + high[yvɛ̃vja], [ceɐ̯div] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (high[pen#sc[.abl]], [write#sc[.past.1pe]]),
|
morphemes: (high[pen#sc[.abl]], [write#sc[.past.1pe]]),
|
||||||
translation: [We#ann[excl] wrote #high[with a pen].],
|
translation: [We#ann[excl] wrote #high[with a pen].],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-abl-inst",
|
lbl: "ex-case-abl-inst",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Spatial Locative <case-spaloc>
|
==== Spatial Locative <case-spaloc>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The spatial locative cases #low(sc[sploc]) is used to indicate a spacial
|
The spatial locative cases #ann[sploc] is used to indicate a spacial location.
|
||||||
location. it is marked by expressing the noun in the genitive case, followed by
|
it is marked by expressing the noun in the genitive case, followed by the
|
||||||
the #sn[] ⟨la⟩ particle.
|
#sn[] ⟨la⟩ particle. It is however pronounced as there was no word boundary
|
||||||
|
between the word and the particle.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Spatial Locative],
|
caption: [Spatial Locative],
|
||||||
txt: [ #high[ ]],
|
txt: [ #high[ ]],
|
||||||
translit: ([il], high[an·vansterilc‿la] + [.]),
|
translit: ([il], high[an·fanssterilc‿la] + [.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + [eẅ], [ãvãstɛʀeẅʝ ʟa] + br),
|
phono: (bl + [eẅ], [ãvãstɛʀeẅʝ ʟa] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (sc[1s.age], [#sc[ppn-]Vansterel#sc[.gen‿sploc]]),
|
morphemes: (sc[1s.age], [#sc[ppn-]Vansteril#sc[.gen‿sploc]]),
|
||||||
translation: [We#ann[excl] wrote #high[with a pen].],
|
translation: [I am #high[in Vansteril]],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-sploc",
|
lbl: "ex-case-sploc",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Temporal Locative <case-temploc>
|
==== Temporal Locative <case-temploc>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There are four temporal locatives: past, present, future and gnomic #low(
|
There are four temporal locatives: past, present, future and gnomic
|
||||||
sc[tmploc.pst, tmploc.prs, tmploc.fut] + [ and ] + sc[tmploc.gno],
|
#low[#sc[tmploc.pst, tmploc.prs, tmploc.fut] and #sc[tmploc.gno]]. The past case
|
||||||
). The past case (resp. present and future) is used, as its name indicates, to
|
(resp. present and future) is used, as its name indicates, to locate events that
|
||||||
locate events that happened in the past (resp. present and future). The gnomic
|
happened in the past (resp. present and future). The gnomic case locates events
|
||||||
case locates events that are either generally happening, happening at an unknown
|
that are either generally happening, happening at an unknown point in time, or
|
||||||
point in time, or happening repeatedly. The past case (resp. present, future,
|
happening repeatedly. The past case (resp. present, future, gnomic) are
|
||||||
gnomic) are indicated by expressing the noun in the oblique followed by the
|
indicated by expressing the noun in the oblique followed by the particle
|
||||||
particle #sn[] ⟨anip⟩ (resp #sn[] ⟨anep⟩, #sn[] ⟨anop⟩ and
|
#sn[] ⟨anip⟩ (resp #sn[] ⟨anep⟩, #sn[] ⟨anop⟩ and #sn[]
|
||||||
#sn[] ⟨anap⟩) However the present case is rarely used outside of set
|
⟨anap⟩) However the present case is rarely used outside of set phrases like
|
||||||
phrases like #sn[ ] “today” or #sn[ ] “now”
|
#sn[ ] “today” or #sn[ ] “now”.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Note that those are pronounced as there was no word boundary between the word
|
||||||
|
and the particle.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Present temporal locative],
|
caption: [Present temporal locative],
|
||||||
txt: [#high[ ] ],
|
txt: [#high[ ] ],
|
||||||
translit: (high[vint‿anep], [mareves.]),
|
translit: (high[fint‿anep], [marefess.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + high[vẽð ãneɸ], [maʀɛvɛs] + br),
|
phono: (bl + high[vẽð ãneɸ], [maʀɛvɛs] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (high[day.#sc[pat‿tmploc.prs]], [be_cold.#sc[prs.3si]]),
|
morphemes: (high[day.#sc[pat‿tmploc.prs]], [be_cold.#sc[prs.3si]]),
|
||||||
translation: [It’s cold #high[today]],
|
translation: [It’s cold #high[today]],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-tmploc-prs",
|
lbl: "ex-case-tmploc-prs",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Past temporal locative],
|
caption: [Past temporal locative],
|
||||||
txt: [ #high[ ] ],
|
txt: [ #high[ ] ],
|
||||||
translit: ([il], high[vionreipt‿anip], [,], [cirtin.]),
|
translit: ([il], high[fionreipt‿anip], [,], [cirtin.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + [eẅ], high[vjõʀipθ ãneɸ], [|], [ceɐ̯dẽ] + br),
|
phono: (bl + [eẅ], high[vjõʀipθ ãneɸ], [|], [ceɐ̯dẽ] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (
|
morphemes: (
|
||||||
sc[1s.act],
|
sc[1s.act],
|
||||||
high[eat#sc[.pst.pcp.pat‿tmploc.pst]],
|
high[eat#sc[.pst.pcp.pat‿tmploc.pst]],
|
||||||
[|],
|
[|],
|
||||||
[write] + sc[.pst.2s],
|
[write] + sc[.pst.2s],
|
||||||
),
|
),
|
||||||
translation: [#high[When] I #high[ate], you#ann[sg] wrote],
|
translation: [#high[When] I #high[ate], you#ann[sg] wrote],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-tmploc-pst",
|
lbl: "ex-case-tmploc-pst",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Future temporal locative],
|
caption: [Future temporal locative],
|
||||||
txt: [ #high[ ] ],
|
txt: [ #high[ ] ],
|
||||||
translit: ([il], high[vionreapt‿anop], [,], [cirton.]),
|
translit: ([il], high[fionreapt‿anop], [,], [cirton.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + [eẅ], high[vjõʀøpθ ãnoɸ], [|], [ceɐ̯dõ] + br),
|
phono: (bl + [eẅ], high[vjõʀøpθ ãnoɸ], [|], [ceɐ̯dõ] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (
|
morphemes: (
|
||||||
sc[1s.act],
|
sc[1s.act],
|
||||||
high[eat#sc[.fut.pcp.pat‿tmploc.fut]],
|
high[eat#sc[.fut.pcp.pat‿tmploc.fut]],
|
||||||
[|],
|
[|],
|
||||||
[write] + sc[.fut.2s],
|
[write] + sc[.fut.2s],
|
||||||
),
|
),
|
||||||
translation: [#high[When] I#high[’ll eat], you#ann[sg]’ll write],
|
translation: [#high[When] I#high[’ll eat], you#ann[sg]’ll write],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-tmploc-fut",
|
lbl: "ex-case-tmploc-fut",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
#ex(
|
#ex(
|
||||||
caption: [Gnomic temporal locative],
|
caption: [Gnomic temporal locative],
|
||||||
txt: [ #high[ ] ],
|
txt: [ #high[ ] ],
|
||||||
translit: ([il], high[vionreapt‿anap], [,], [cirtan.]),
|
translit: ([il], high[fionreapt‿anap], [,], [cirtan.]),
|
||||||
phono: (bl + [eẅ], high[vjõʀɛpθ ãnaɸ], [|], [ceɐ̯dã] + br),
|
phono: (bl + [eẅ], high[vjõʀɛpθ ãnaɸ], [|], [ceɐ̯dã] + br),
|
||||||
morphemes: (
|
morphemes: (
|
||||||
sc[1s.act],
|
sc[1s.act],
|
||||||
high[eat#sc[.gno.pcp.pat‿tmploc.gno]],
|
high[eat#sc[.gno.pcp.pat‿tmploc.gno]],
|
||||||
[|],
|
[|],
|
||||||
[write] + sc[.gno.2s],
|
[write] + sc[.gno.2s],
|
||||||
),
|
),
|
||||||
translation: [#high[Whenever] I #high[eat], you#ann[sg] write],
|
translation: [#high[Whenever] I #high[eat], you#ann[sg] write],
|
||||||
lbl: "ex-case-tmploc-gno",
|
lbl: "ex-case-tmploc-gno",
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
=== Proper noun enclitic #sn[] <morph-ppn>
|
=== Proper noun enclitic #sn[] <morph-ppn>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Proper nouns that aren't personal names always take the proper noun enclitic
|
Proper nouns that aren't personal names always take the proper noun enclitic
|
||||||
#low(sc[ppn]) #sn[] ⟨an·⟩
|
#ann[ppn] #sn[] ⟨an·⟩
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The affix #sn[] ⟨ni-⟩ --- which on proper nouns forms demonyms --- attaches
|
The affix #sn[] ⟨ni-⟩ --- which on proper nouns forms demonyms --- attaches
|
||||||
to the front of the proper noun enclitic: #sn[] gives
|
to the front of the proper noun enclitic: #sn[] gives
|
||||||
@ -538,7 +548,7 @@ The Agent and patient forms especially are often dropped in non-participial
|
|||||||
clauses. Indeed, a speaker would more often use the passive marking and avoid a
|
clauses. Indeed, a speaker would more often use the passive marking and avoid a
|
||||||
pronoun altogether than use an patient form: Use #sn[ ]
|
pronoun altogether than use an patient form: Use #sn[ ]
|
||||||
#low[(Loarne.#sc[age] #sc[pass.]eat#sc[.prs.3si])] rather than ?#sn[
|
#low[(Loarne.#sc[age] #sc[pass.]eat#sc[.prs.3si])] rather than ?#sn[
|
||||||
] #low[?(Loarne#sc[.age] #sc[3si.pat] eat#sc[.prs.3sa])] for
|
] #low[?(Loarne#sc[.age] #sc[3si.pat] eat#sc[.prs.3sa])] for
|
||||||
"Loarne eats it."
|
"Loarne eats it."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#mos-pron(none, open: true)
|
#mos-pron(none, open: true)
|
||||||
@ -556,7 +566,7 @@ distinguished in writing.
|
|||||||
Verbs are typically listed in their gnomic infinitive form. to derive the stem,
|
Verbs are typically listed in their gnomic infinitive form. to derive the stem,
|
||||||
remove the final #sn[]. Here is a conjugation table for an hypothetical
|
remove the final #sn[]. Here is a conjugation table for an hypothetical
|
||||||
null-stemmed verb as a way to list the affixes#footnote[You may find those forms
|
null-stemmed verb as a way to list the affixes#footnote[You may find those forms
|
||||||
verbatim in some older texts as a now defunct copula.] <fn-old-copula>
|
verbatim in some older texts as a now defunct copula.] <fn-old-copula>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#mos-v("", open: true)
|
#mos-v("", open: true)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -565,31 +575,61 @@ null-stemmed verb as a way to list the affixes#footnote[You may find those forms
|
|||||||
If you need other moods or aspects than an unaspected indicative, there is a
|
If you need other moods or aspects than an unaspected indicative, there is a
|
||||||
plethora of affixes you can stack on verbs to specify them further, they all are
|
plethora of affixes you can stack on verbs to specify them further, they all are
|
||||||
interpreted as nested, coming away from the verb, and can be combined and
|
interpreted as nested, coming away from the verb, and can be combined and
|
||||||
stacked for more specific meanings
|
stacked for more specific meanings, or occasionaly derive new core meanings. In
|
||||||
|
the latter case those are typically indicated in dictionaries.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here is a (eventually but not yet) exhaustive list of such affixes: #low[(all of
|
Here is a (eventually but not yet) exhaustive list of such affixes: #low[(all of
|
||||||
them are prefixes)]
|
them are prefixes)]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Conditional <morph-verbs-cond>
|
==== Conditional <morph-verbs-cond>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The conditional #sn[] ⟨ffói-⟩ indicates that the action of a verb is an hypothetical, or unreal situation.
|
The conditional #sn[] ⟨ffói-⟩ #ann[cond] indicates that the action of a
|
||||||
|
verb is an hypothetical, or unreal situation.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Imperfective, durative, iterative <morph-verb-npfv>
|
==== Imperfective, durative, iterative, Inchoative <morph-verb-npfv>
|
||||||
|
#low[*TODO*: Imperfective, durative]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The iterative #sn[] ⟨atéo-⟩ #ann[iter] indicates that the action of the
|
||||||
|
verb is appening again, or repeatedly.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The inchoative #sn[] ⟨marai-⟩ #ann[inch] is used to indicate that the
|
||||||
|
start with an action.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Perfective, terminative <morph-verb-pfv>
|
==== Perfective, terminative <morph-verb-pfv>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Desiderative, Optative, Hortative <morpho-verb-opt>
|
The perfective #sn[] ⟨ntof-⟩ #ann[pfv] is used to indicate that an action
|
||||||
|
was ponctual instead of lasting. When combined with the inchoative it has a
|
||||||
|
translative meaning: it indicates a transition into the state resulting of the
|
||||||
|
active verb or described by the stative verb.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#low[*TODO*: terminative]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
==== Desiderative, Necessitatives, Optative, Hortative <morpho-verb-opt>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The desiderative #sn[] ⟨ffats-⟩ #ann[des] indicates that the results of
|
||||||
|
the verb are desired by the subject.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The moral necessitative #sn[] ⟨réan-⟩ #ann[mness] indicates that the
|
||||||
|
agent is morally obligated to perform the action.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The hortative #sn[] ⟨cofa-⟩ #ann[hort] indicates a strong injunction to
|
||||||
|
perform the action.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#low[*TODO*: Optative, Physical necessitative]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Imperative <morph-verb-imp>
|
==== Imperative <morph-verb-imp>
|
||||||
The imperative, contrary to all the other moods, is expressed with a particle #sn[] ⟨o⟩ after the verb complex. If you need an affix form for @morph-verb-other reasons, you should use the hortative (see @morpho-verb-opt) instead.
|
The imperative, contrary to all the other moods, is expressed with a particle
|
||||||
|
#sn[] ⟨o⟩ after the verb complex. If you need an affix form for
|
||||||
|
@morph-verb-other reasons, you should use the hortative (see @morpho-verb-opt)
|
||||||
|
instead.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
==== Causatives <morph-verb-cau>
|
==== Causatives <morph-verb-cau>
|
||||||
Mosici has two causatives: the purposeful and the accendental.
|
Mosici has two causatives: the purposeful and the accendental.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The purposeful causative #sn[] ⟨siehí-⟩ indicates that the described
|
The purposeful causative #sn[] ⟨siehí-⟩ indicates that the described
|
||||||
state is caused by the agent intentionally.
|
state is caused by the agent intentionally.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The accidental causative #sn[] ⟨sní-⟩ indicates that the described state
|
The accidental causative #sn[] ⟨ssní-⟩ indicates that the described state
|
||||||
is cased by the agent in unintentionally or accidentally.
|
is cased by the agent in unintentionally or accidentally.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Both change the valency of the verb. the cause is expressed as the agent, what
|
Both change the valency of the verb. the cause is expressed as the agent, what
|
||||||
@ -614,3 +654,14 @@ acceptable in all registers.
|
|||||||
== Numerals
|
== Numerals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
= Syntax
|
= Syntax
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
At the sentence level Mosici has a mostly constituant order due to heavy role
|
||||||
|
marking. That said, it tends to default to topic fronting on an underlying SOV
|
||||||
|
order.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Inside constituants, it depends on the type of adjuncts: genitives and ordinals
|
||||||
|
come before the noun they qualify, but verbal participles and demonstrative come
|
||||||
|
after the noun they qualify.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Relative clauses are formed by expressing the verb in the participle, declined
|
||||||
|
in case with its role in the main clause.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
|
|||||||
base.sc[*pat*], c(ss + ""), ..if pl != false { (c(ps + ""),) } else { () },
|
base.sc[*pat*], c(ss + ""), ..if pl != false { (c(ps + ""),) } else { () },
|
||||||
base.sc[*gen*], c(ss + ""), ..if pl != false { (c(ps + ""),) } else { () },
|
base.sc[*gen*], c(ss + ""), ..if pl != false { (c(ps + ""),) } else { () },
|
||||||
base.sc[*dat*], c(ss + sv + ""), ..if pl != false { (c(ps + pv + ""),) } else { () },
|
base.sc[*dat*], c(ss + sv + ""), ..if pl != false { (c(ps + pv + ""),) } else { () },
|
||||||
base.sc[*abl*], c(ss + ""), ..if pl != false { (c(ps + ""),) } else { () },
|
base.sc[*abl*], c(ss + ""), ..if pl != false { (c(ps + ""),) } else { () },
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
})
|
})
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
@ -117,17 +117,17 @@
|
|||||||
table(
|
table(
|
||||||
columns: 6,
|
columns: 6,
|
||||||
[], base.sc[*age*], base.sc[*pat*], base.sc[*gen*], base.sc[*dat*], base.sc[*abl*],
|
[], base.sc[*age*], base.sc[*pat*], base.sc[*gen*], base.sc[*dat*], base.sc[*abl*],
|
||||||
base.sc[*1s*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*1s*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
base.sc[*1p*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*1p*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
base.sc[*2s*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*2s*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
base.sc[*2p*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*2p*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
base.sc[*3sa*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*3sa*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
base.sc[*3pa*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*3pa*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
base.sc[*3si*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*3si*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
base.sc[*3pi*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*3pi*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
base.sc[*dem.sg*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*dem.sg*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
base.sc[*dem.pl*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*dem.pl*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
base.sc[*q*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
base.sc[*q*], c(h: true, ""), c(""), c(""), c(""), c(""),
|
||||||
)
|
)
|
||||||
})
|
})
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user