@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
#let bl = "[" #let bl = "["
#let br = "]" #let br = "]"
#let ann = it = > sub ( sc ( it ) ) #let ann = it = > sub ( sc ( it ) )
#let abb = it = > low ( sc ( it ) )
This page describes Cairniasial standard Mosici, with brief mentions about other
This page describes Cairniasial standard Mosici, with brief mentions about other
close varieties such as Sialmoséce standard Mosici
close varieties such as Sialmoséce standard Mosici
@ -80,9 +81,7 @@ The process goes thusly (before applying the allophony):
2. Combine all pairs of vowels according to the table below (the first vowel2. Combine all pairs of vowels according to the table below (the first vowel
indexes the row, and the second vowel indexes the column) indexes the row, and the second vowel indexes the column)
3. If any vowel is long, the resulting vowel is long;3. If any vowel is long, the resulting vowel is long;
4. Repeat from #context link(4. Repeat from #context link(query(<enumitem-coalesce-start> ).first().location())[step 1] until all hiatus has been resolved.
query(<enumitem-coalesce-start> ).first().location(),
)[step 1] until all hiatus has been resolved.
#table ( #table (
columns: 10, columns: 10,
[ ] , [ *a* ] , [ *ɛ* ] , [ *ɔ* ] , [ *e* ] , [ *ø* ] , [ *o* ] , [ *i* ] , [ *y* ] , [ *u* ] , [ ] , [ *a* ] , [ *ɛ* ] , [ *ɔ* ] , [ *e* ] , [ *ø* ] , [ *o* ] , [ *i* ] , [ *y* ] , [ *u* ] ,
@ -106,30 +105,22 @@ called the #sn[] 〈sitrapaóha〉.
#figure ( caption : [ Poliahr for Mosici] , table ( #figure ( caption : [ Poliahr for Mosici] , table (
columns: 5, columns: 5,
[ *Letter* ] , [ *Transliteration* ] , [ *Value (IPA)* ] , [ *Name* ] , [ *Name (IPA)* ] , [ *Letter* ] , [ *Transliteration* ] , [ *Value (IPA)* ] , [ *Name* ] , [ *Name (IPA)* ] ,
sn[] , [p], [/p/ /p/], sn[], [[pe]], sn[] , [p], [/p/], sn[], [[pe]],
sn[] , [o], [/o/ /o/], sn[], [[us]], sn[] , [o], [/o/], sn[], [[us]],
sn[] , [l], [/ʟ/ /l/], sn[], [[ʟɔ̃]], sn[] , [l], [/ʟ/], sn[], [[ʟɔ̃]],
sn[] , [i], [/e/ /i/], sn[], [[iɐ̯nɛ]], sn[] , [i], [/e/], sn[], [[iɐ̯nɛ]],
sn[] , [a], [/a/ /ɑ sn[] , [a], [/a/], sn[], [[ɔ̃ɸ]],
sn[] , sn[] , [h], [/∅/#footnote[Lengthens a preceding vowel] <fn-script-h>], sn[], [[apfɛ]],
[ h] ,
[ /∅/#footnote [ Lengthens a preceding vowel] <fn-script-h> /x/] ,
sn[] ,
[ [ apfɛ] ] ,
sn[] , sn[] , [r], [/ʀ/], sn[ #footnote[Literally "sounded hapfe"] <fn-script-sounded>], [[fasteɕɛx apfɛ]],
[ r] ,
[ /ʀ/ [ ɣ ] ] ,
sn[ #footnote [ Literally "sounded hapfe"] <fn-script-sounded> ] ,
[ [ fasteɕɛx apfɛ] ] ,
sn[] , [c], [ /k/ /k/], sn[], [[kaẅ]], sn[] , [c], [/k/], sn[], [[kaẅ]],
sn[] , [n], [ /n/ /n/], sn[], [[nɔẅ]], sn[] , [n], [/n/], sn[], [[nɔẅ]],
sn[] , [e], [/ɛ / /e /], sn[], [[istaẅ]], sn[] , [e], [/ɛ/], sn[], [[istaẅ]],
sn[] , [s], [/z / /s /], sn[], [[ɕpaẅ]], sn[] , [s], [/z /], sn[], [[ɕpaẅ]],
sn[] , [f], [/v / /f /], sn[], [[fasoː sn[] , [f], [/v /], sn[], [[fasoː
sn[] , [m], [ /m/ /m/], sn[], [[miʎɔ]], sn[] , [m], [ /m/], sn[], [[miʎɔ]],
sn[] , [t], [ /t/ /t/], sn[], [[tɛɟjo]], sn[] , [t], [ /t/], sn[], [[tɛɟjo]],
))
))
#figure ( caption : [ Digraphs] , table ( #figure ( caption : [ Digraphs] , table (
columns: 3, columns: 3,
@ -188,7 +179,7 @@ the following sequences are thus respelled
sn[] , sn[], sn[] , sn[],
sn[] , sn[], sn[] , sn[],
sn[] , sn[], sn[] , sn[],
sn[] , sn[] sn[] , sn[] ,
), ),
)
)
@ -205,7 +196,7 @@ the following sequences are thus respelled
- → /mosik#high [ i] k/ #low [ Coalescence] - → /mosik#high [ i] k/ #low [ Coalescence]
- → [ mosi#high [ c] i#high [ ç] / #low [ Allophony] - → [ mosi#high [ c] i#high [ ç] / #low [ Allophony]
#sn [ ] ⟨an·nielv c⟩ "of Nyelaf"#sn [ ] ⟨an·nielf c⟩ "of Nyelaf"
- \ * /annjɛʟvk/- \ * /annjɛʟvk/
- → /a#high [ n] jɛʟvk/ #low [ Particle shenanigans] - → /a#high [ n] jɛʟvk/ #low [ Particle shenanigans]
- → [ #high [ ã] njɛ#high [ ẅ] v#high [ ɣ ] ] #low [ Allophony] - → [ #high [ ã] njɛ#high [ ẅ] v#high [ ɣ ] ] #low [ Allophony]
@ -266,7 +257,7 @@ the agent form: the concatenative pattern, and the 6 substitutive patterns
==== Agent <case-agent> ==== Agent <case-agent>
The Agent case # low( sc [ age] ) indicates the agent of a transitive clause, or the
The Agent case # abb[ age] indicates the agent of a transitive clause, or the
subject of an active intransitive clause.
subject of an active intransitive clause.
#ex ( #ex (
@ -295,16 +286,16 @@ subject of an active intransitive clause.
==== Patient <case-patient> ==== Patient <case-patient>
The Patient case # low( sc [ pat] ) indicates the patient of a transitive clause, or
The Patient case # abb[ pat] indicates the patient of a transitive clause, or the
the subject of a stative intransitive clause.subject of a stative intransitive clause.
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Patient case in a transitive clause#footnote [ Note that while the caption: [ Patient case in a transitive clause#footnote [ Note that while the
pronoun is dropped thanks to the verb conjugation, but the clause is still pronoun is dropped thanks to the verb conjugation, but the clause is
transitive] <fn-pat-trans>], still transitive] <fn-pat-trans>],
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: (high[nriiht] , [fionreeff.]), translit: (high[nriiht] , [fionreeff.]),
phono: (bl + high[nʁiː ] , [vjõʀi ɸ ] + br), phono: (bl + high[nʁiː ] , [vjõʀi f ] + br),
morphemes: (high[grain#sc [ .pl.pat] ] , [eat#sc[.prs.1s]]), morphemes: (high[grain#sc [ .pl.pat] ] , [eat#sc[.prs.1s]]),
translation: [ I eat #high [ grains] ] , translation: [ I eat #high [ grains] ] ,
lbl: "ex-case-pat-trans", lbl: "ex-case-pat-trans",
@ -322,9 +313,9 @@ the subject of a stative intransitive clause.
==== Genitive <case-genitive> ==== Genitive <case-genitive>
The genitive case # low( sc [ gen] ) indicates possession or qualification. Note that
The genitive case # abb[ gen] indicates possession or qualification. Note that in
in the case of qualification, the formation of a compound is also possible.the case of qualification, the formation of a compound is also possible. Note:
Note: Compounding is not subject to coalescence.Compounding is not subject to coalescence.
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Possessive genitive case] , caption: [ Possessive genitive case] ,
@ -337,8 +328,8 @@ Note: Compounding is not subject to coalescence.
)
)
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Qualificative genitive case] , caption: [ Qualificative genitive case] ,
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: (high[áhioc] , [i sofe]), translit: (high[áhioc] , [i s sofe]),
phono: (bl + high[øː ] , [esovɛ] + br), phono: (bl + high[øː ] , [esovɛ] + br),
morphemes: (high[fiction.#sc [ gen] ] , [job#sc[.age]]), morphemes: (high[fiction.#sc [ gen] ] , [job#sc[.age]]),
translation: [ a #high [ fictional] job] , translation: [ a #high [ fictional] job] ,
@ -347,8 +338,8 @@ Note: Compounding is not subject to coalescence.
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Compounding] , caption: [ Compounding] ,
txt: [ ] , txt: [ ] ,
translit: ([#sn [ ] \ áhio-] , [#sn[ ]\ isofe]), translit: ([#sn [ ] \ áhio-] , [#sn[ ]\ is sofe]),
phono: (bl + [ øː-] , [ esovɛ] + br), phono: (bl + [ øː-] , [ esovɛ] + br),
morphemes: ([fiction-] , [job#sc[.age]]), morphemes: ([fiction-] , [job#sc[.age]]),
translation: [ a fictional job] , translation: [ a fictional job] ,
@ -357,9 +348,9 @@ Note: Compounding is not subject to coalescence.
==== Dative <case-dative> ==== Dative <case-dative>
The dative case # low( sc [ dat] ) indicates the beneficiary of a ditransitive verbs,
The dative case # abb[ dat] indicates the beneficiary of a ditransitive verbs, as
as well as indicating a direction faced. Note hover that it isn't used withwell as indicating a direction faced. Note hover that it isn't used with verbs
verbs of movement towards something, for those use the patient case (seeof movement towards something, for those use the patient case (see
@case-patient ) instead, the dative instead indicates the means of displacement.@case-patient ) instead, the dative instead indicates the means of displacement.
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Dative in ditransitive clauses] , caption: [ Dative in ditransitive clauses] ,
@ -372,7 +363,7 @@ verbs of movement towards something, for those use the patient case (see
)
)
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Dative as means of displacement for verbs of movement towards] , caption: [ Dative as means of displacement for verbs of movement towards] ,
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: ([an·ssialmossécet] , high[ffoítstsselassi], [oissailin.]), translit: ([an·ssialmossécet] , high[ffoítstsselassi], [oissailin.]),
phono: (bl + [ ãɕaẅmosicɛθ] , high[fydztsɛʟaɕ] , [øsɛʎẽ] + br), phono: (bl + [ ãɕaẅmosicɛθ] , high[fydztsɛʟaɕ] , [øsɛʎẽ] + br),
morphemes: ( morphemes: (
@ -385,14 +376,19 @@ verbs of movement towards something, for those use the patient case (see
)
)
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Dative as an allative substitute for other verbs] , caption: [ Dative as an allative substitute for other verbs] ,
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: ( translit: (
high[an·cairniasialsi] , high[an·cairniassialssi] ,
[ an·sialmosécet] , [ an·ssialmosécet] ,
[ foítztselavia] , [ ffoítstsselafia] ,
[ vilinef.] , [ filineff.] ,
),
phono: (
bl + high[ãkɛɐ̯nɛɕaẅɕ] ,
[ ãɕaẅmosicɛθ] ,
[ fydztsɛʟavja] ,
[ veʎẽnɛf] + br,
), ),
phono: (bl + high[ãkɛɐ̯nɛɕaẅɕ] , [ãɕaẅmosicɛθ], [fydztsɛʟavja], [veʎẽnɛf] + br),
morphemes: ( morphemes: (
high[#sc [ ppn-] Cairniasial#sc [ .dat] ] , high[#sc [ ppn-] Cairniasial#sc [ .dat] ] ,
[ #sc [ ppn-] Sialmoséce#sc [ .pat] ] , [ #sc [ ppn-] Sialmoséce#sc [ .pat] ] ,
@ -405,17 +401,17 @@ verbs of movement towards something, for those use the patient case (see
==== Ablative <case-abl> ==== Ablative <case-abl>
The ablative case # low( sc [ abl] ) indicates the provenance of the action. It is
The ablative case # abb[ abl] indicates the provenance of the action. It is also
also used as an instrumental, indicating the means by which the action is done.used as an instrumental, indicating the means by which the action is done. For
For verbs of movement away from something, it only has it's instrumentalverbs of movement away from something, it only has it's instrumental meaning,
meaning, the source is indicated by the patient case (see @case-patient ). Forthe source is indicated by the patient case (see @case-patient ). For verbs of
verbs of movement towards something, the ablative doesn't have the instrumentalmovement towards something, the ablative doesn't have the instrumental meaning,
meaning, for that role use the dative instead.for that role use the dative instead.
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Ablative case in an ablative meaning] , caption: [ Ablative case in an ablative meaning] ,
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: (high[an·sialmosécevia] , [nriiht], [vionree f.]), translit: (high[an·ssialmossécefia] , [nriiht], [fionreef f.]),
phono: (bl + [ ãɕaẅmosicɛvja] , [ nʁiː ] , [ vjõʀiɸ] + br), phono: (bl + [ ãɕaẅmosicɛvja] , [ nʁiː ] , [ vjõʀiɸ] + br),
morphemes: ( morphemes: (
high[#sc [ ppn] -Sialmoséce.#sc [ abl] ] , high[#sc [ ppn] -Sialmoséce.#sc [ abl] ] ,
@ -427,8 +423,8 @@ meaning, for that role use the dative instead.
)
)
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Ablative case as instrumental] , caption: [ Ablative case as instrumental] ,
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: (high[hoévenvia] , [cirtív .]), translit: (high[hoéfenfia] , [cirtíf .]),
phono: (bl + high[yvɛ̃vja] , [ceɐ̯div] + br), phono: (bl + high[yvɛ̃vja] , [ceɐ̯div] + br),
morphemes: (high[pen#sc [ .abl] ] , [write#sc[.past.1pe]]), morphemes: (high[pen#sc [ .abl] ] , [write#sc[.past.1pe]]),
translation: [ We#ann [ excl] wrote #high [ with a pen] .] , translation: [ We#ann [ excl] wrote #high [ with a pen] .] ,
@ -437,37 +433,41 @@ meaning, for that role use the dative instead.
==== Spatial Locative <case-spaloc> ==== Spatial Locative <case-spaloc>
The spatial locative cases #low ( sc [ sploc] ) is used to indicate a spacial
The spatial locative cases #abb [ sploc] is used to indicate a spacial location.
location. it is marked by expressing the noun in the genitive case, followed by
it is marked by expressing the noun in the genitive case, followed by the
the #sn [ ] ⟨la⟩ particle.
#sn [ ] ⟨la⟩ particle. It is however pronounced as there was no word boundary
between the word and the particle.
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Spatial Locative] , caption: [ Spatial Locative] ,
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: ([il] , high[an· van sterilc‿la] + [.]), translit: ([il] , high[an· fans sterilc‿la] + [.]),
phono: (bl + [ eẅ] , [ ãvãstɛʀeẅʝ ʟa] + br), phono: (bl + [ eẅ] , [ ãvãstɛʀeẅʝ ʟa] + br),
morphemes: (sc[1s.age] , [#sc[ppn-]Vanster e l#sc[.gen‿sploc]]), morphemes: (sc[1s.age] , [#sc[ppn-]Vanster i l#sc[.gen‿sploc]]),
translation: [ We#ann [ excl] wrote #high [ with a pen] . ] , translation: [ I am #high [ in Vansteril] ] ,
lbl: "ex-case-sploc", lbl: "ex-case-sploc",
)
)
==== Temporal Locative <case-temploc> ==== Temporal Locative <case-temploc>
There are four temporal locatives: past, present, future and gnomic #low (
There are four temporal locatives: past, present, future and gnomic
sc[tmploc.pst, tmploc.prs, tmploc.fut] + [ and ] + sc[tmploc.gno], #low [ #sc [ tmploc.pst, tmploc.prs, tmploc.fut] and #sc [ tmploc.gno] ] . The past case
). The past case (resp. present and future) is used, as its name indicates, to
(resp. present and future) is used, as its name indicates, to locate events that
locate events that happened in the past (resp. present and future). The gnomic
happened in the past (resp. present and future). The gnomic case locates events
case locates events that are either generally happening, happening at an unknown
that are either generally happening, happening at an unknown point in time, or
point in time, or happening repeatedly. The past case (resp. present, future,
happening repeatedly. The past case (resp. present, future, gnomic) are
gnomic) are indicated by expressing the noun in the oblique followed by the
indicated by expressing the noun in the oblique followed by the particle
particle #sn [ ] ⟨anip⟩ (resp #sn [ ] ⟨anep⟩, #sn [ ] ⟨anop⟩ and
#sn [ ] ⟨anip⟩ (resp #sn [ ] ⟨anep⟩, #sn [ ] ⟨anop⟩ and #sn [ ]
#sn [ ] ⟨anap⟩) However the present case is rarely used outside of set⟨anap⟩) However the present case is rarely used outside of set phrases like
phrases like #sn [ ] “today” or #sn [ ] “now”
#sn [ ] “today” or #sn [ ] “now”.
Note that those are pronounced as there was no word boundary between the word
and the particle.
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Present temporal locative] , caption: [ Present temporal locative] ,
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: (high[vint‿anep] , [mareve s.]), translit: (high[fint‿anep] , [marefes s.]),
phono: (bl + high[vẽð ãneɸ] , [maʀɛvɛs] + br), phono: (bl + high[vẽð ãneɸ] , [maʀɛvɛs] + br),
morphemes: (high[day.#sc [ pat‿tmploc.prs] ] , [be_cold.#sc[prs.3si]]), morphemes: (high[day.#sc [ pat‿tmploc.prs] ] , [be_cold.#sc[prs.3si]]),
translation: [ It’ cold #high [ today] ] , translation: [ It’ cold #high [ today] ] ,
@ -476,8 +476,8 @@ phrases like #sn[ ] “today” or #sn[
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Past temporal locative] , caption: [ Past temporal locative] ,
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: ([il] , high[v ionreipt‿anip], [,], [cirtin.]), translit: ([il] , high[f ionreipt‿anip], [,], [cirtin.]),
phono: (bl + [ eẅ] , high[vjõʀipθ ãneɸ] , [|], [ceɐ̯dẽ] + br), phono: (bl + [ eẅ] , high[vjõʀipθ ãneɸ] , [|], [ceɐ̯dẽ] + br),
morphemes: ( morphemes: (
sc[1s.act] , sc[1s.act] ,
@ -490,8 +490,8 @@ phrases like #sn[ ] “today” or #sn[
)
)
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Future temporal locative] , caption: [ Future temporal locative] ,
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: ([il] , high[v ionreapt‿anop], [,], [cirton.]), translit: ([il] , high[f ionreapt‿anop], [,], [cirton.]),
phono: (bl + [ eẅ] , high[vjõʀøpθ ãnoɸ] , [|], [ceɐ̯dõ] + br), phono: (bl + [ eẅ] , high[vjõʀøpθ ãnoɸ] , [|], [ceɐ̯dõ] + br),
morphemes: ( morphemes: (
sc[1s.act] , sc[1s.act] ,
@ -504,8 +504,8 @@ phrases like #sn[ ] “today” or #sn[
)
)
#ex ( #ex (
caption: [ Gnomic temporal locative] , caption: [ Gnomic temporal locative] ,
txt: [ #high [ ] ] , txt: [ #high [ ] ] ,
translit: ([il] , high[v ionreapt‿anap], [,], [cirtan.]), translit: ([il] , high[f ionreapt‿anap], [,], [cirtan.]),
phono: (bl + [ eẅ] , high[vjõʀɛpθ ãnaɸ] , [|], [ceɐ̯dã] + br), phono: (bl + [ eẅ] , high[vjõʀɛpθ ãnaɸ] , [|], [ceɐ̯dã] + br),
morphemes: ( morphemes: (
sc[1s.act] , sc[1s.act] ,
@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ phrases like #sn[ ] “today” or #sn[
=== Proper noun enclitic #sn[] <morph-ppn> === Proper noun enclitic #sn[] <morph-ppn>
Proper nouns that aren't personal names always take the proper noun enclitic
Proper nouns that aren't personal names always take the proper noun enclitic
# low( sc [ ppn] ) #sn [ ] ⟨an·⟩# abb[ ppn] #sn [ ] ⟨an·⟩
The affix #sn [ ] ⟨ni-⟩ --- which on proper nouns forms demonyms --- attaches
The affix #sn [ ] ⟨ni-⟩ --- which on proper nouns forms demonyms --- attaches
to the front of the proper noun enclitic: #sn [ ] gives
to the front of the proper noun enclitic: #sn [ ] gives
@ -565,31 +565,62 @@ null-stemmed verb as a way to list the affixes#footnote[You may find those forms
If you need other moods or aspects than an unaspected indicative, there is a
If you need other moods or aspects than an unaspected indicative, there is a
plethora of affixes you can stack on verbs to specify them further, they all are
plethora of affixes you can stack on verbs to specify them further, they all are
interpreted as nested, coming away from the verb, and can be combined and
interpreted as nested, coming away from the verb, and can be combined and
stacked for more specific meanings
stacked for more specific meanings, or occasionaly derive new core meanings. In
the latter case those are typically indicated in dictionaries.
Here is a (eventually but not yet) exhaustive list of such affixes: #low [ (all of
Here is a (eventually but not yet) exhaustive list of such affixes: #low [ (all of
them are prefixes)] them are prefixes)]
==== Conditional <morph-verbs-cond> ==== Conditional <morph-verbs-cond>
The conditional #sn [ ] ⟨ffói-⟩ indicates that the action of a verb is an hypothetical, or unreal situation.
The conditional #sn [ ] ⟨ffói-⟩ #abb [ cond] indicates that the action of a
verb is an hypothetical, or unreal situation.
==== Imperfective, durative, iterative <morph-verb-npfv> ==== Imperfective, durative, iterative, Inchoative <morph-verb-npfv>
#low [ *TODO* : Imperfective, durative]
The iterative #sn [ ] ⟨atéo-⟩ #abb [ iter] indicates that the action of the
verb is appening again, or repeatedly.
The inchoative #sn [ ] ⟨marai-⟩ #abb [ inch] is used to indicate that the
start with an action.
==== Perfective, terminative <morph-verb-pfv> ==== Perfective, terminative <morph-verb-pfv>
==== Desiderative, Optative, Hortative <morpho-verb-opt> The perfective #sn [ ] ⟨ntof-⟩ #abb [ pfv] is used to indicate that an action
was ponctual instead of lasting. When combined with the inchoative it has a
translative meaning: it indicates a transition into the state resulting of the
active verb or described by the stative verb.
The terminative #sn [ ] ⟨offa-⟩ #abb [ term] is used to indicate that an
action was entirely completed, or that a state is no longer current.
==== Desiderative, Necessitatives, Optative, Hortative <morpho-verb-opt>
The desiderative #sn [ ] ⟨ffats-⟩ #abb [ des] indicates that the results of
the verb are desired by the subject.
The moral necessitative #sn [ ] ⟨réan-⟩ #abb [ mness] indicates that the
agent is morally obligated to perform the action.
The hortative #sn [ ] ⟨cofa-⟩ #abb [ hort] indicates a strong injunction to
perform the action.
#low [ *TODO* : Optative, Physical necessitative]
==== Imperative <morph-verb-imp> ==== Imperative <morph-verb-imp>
The imperative, contrary to all the other moods, is expressed with a particle #sn [ ] ⟨o⟩ after the verb complex. If you need an affix form for @morph-verb-other reasons, you should use the hortative (see @morpho-verb-opt ) instead.
The imperative, contrary to all the other moods, is expressed with a particle
#sn [ ] ⟨o⟩ after the verb complex. If you need an affix form for
@morph-verb-other reasons, you should use the hortative (see @morpho-verb-opt )
instead.
==== Causatives <morph-verb-cau> ==== Causatives <morph-verb-cau>
Mosici has two causatives: the purposeful and the accendental.
Mosici has two causatives: the purposeful and the accendental.
The purposeful causative #sn [ ] ⟨siehí-⟩ indicates that the described
The purposeful causative #sn [ ] ⟨siehí-⟩ #abb [ vcaus] indicates that the described
state is caused by the agent intentionally.
state is caused by the agent intentionally.
The accidental causative #sn [ ] ⟨sní-⟩ indicates that the described state
The accidental causative #sn [ ] ⟨ss ní-⟩ #abb [ icaus] indicates that the described state
is cased by the agent in unintentionally or accidentally.
is cased by the agent in unintentionally or accidentally.
Both change the valency of the verb. the cause is expressed as the agent, what
Both change the valency of the verb. the cause is expressed as the agent, what
@ -598,11 +629,11 @@ have been the patient of the root verb is expressed in the dative, the verb
agrees with it's new agent (unless further modified).
agrees with it's new agent (unless further modified).
==== Passive <morph-verb-pas> ==== Passive <morph-verb-pas>
The passive affix #sn [ ] ⟨na-⟩ makes a transitive verb agree with its
The passive affix #sn [ ] ⟨na-⟩ #abb [ pass] a transitive verb agree with its
patient instead of its agent.
patient instead of its agent.
==== Negation <morph-verb-neg> ==== Negation <morph-verb-neg>
The negation prefix is #sn [ ] ⟨ta-⟩. It negates whatever component of the
The negation prefix is #sn [ ] ⟨ta-⟩ #abb [ neg] It negates whatever component of the
verb is immediately following it.
verb is immediately following it.
==== Also on other parts of speech <morph-verb-other> ==== Also on other parts of speech <morph-verb-other>
@ -613,4 +644,17 @@ acceptable in all registers.
== Numerals == Numerals
#low [ *TODO* ]
= Syntax = Syntax
At the sentence level Mosici has a mostly constituant order due to heavy role
marking. That said, it tends to default to topic fronting on an underlying SOV
order.
Inside constituants, it depends on the type of adjuncts: genitives and ordinals
come before the noun they qualify, but verbal participles and demonstrative come
after the noun they qualify.
Relative clauses are formed by expressing the verb in the participle, declined
in case with its role in the main clause.
