# Mosici
Annwan Wiki - Mosici
Author: Annwan

#language

#
Sounds ⁊ Letters

##
Phonology and phonotactics

Mosici has the following phonemes:

| Labials | Coronals | Palatals | Dorsals
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Nasals | m | n |  |
Stops | p | t |  | k
Fricatives | f v | s z | ɕ ʑ | ʀ
Approximants | w |  | j | ʟ

| Front | Back
--- | --- | ---
Close | i y | u
Close-Mid | e ø | o
Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ
Open | a |

Vowels can also all be long, nasalised, or both.
There are also the following allophony rules:

- Plosives are realised as voiced next to voiced fricatives and approximants.
- Plosives are realised as non-sibilant fricatives at the end of words
- For the dorsal plosive and approximant:
  - They are realised as palata before /i y e j/ or their long and/or nasalised variants
  - They are realised as uvular before /u o w/ or their long and/or nasalised variants
  - They are realised as palatal after /i e j/ or their long and/or nasalised variants
  - Otherwise they are realised as velar
- The dorsal approximant /ʟ/ is realised as [ẅ] in coda position
- The dorsal approximant /ʀ/ is realised as [ɐ̯] in coda position
- The dorsal fricative /ʀ/ is realised as [ʁ] after consonants
- /n/ nasalises a preceding vowel
- /n/ is silent in coda positions (still nasalising tho)
- /n/ assimilates to [ɲ] after a palatal consonant as well as before /i e j/, and to [ŋ] after a velar consonant

##
Coalescence

Mosici doesn't allow consecutive vowels inside of words. To resolve would-be hiatuses, a coalescence process is used.
This process is historic for all native words, but it still current to resolve diphthongs in loan words and is necessary to understand to read the written language, as the spelling was fixed before that sound change occurred.

The process goes thusly (before applying the allophony):

1. Group all consecutive vowels by pairs, starting at near the start of the word;
2. Combine all pairs of vowels according to the table below (the first vowel indexes the row, and the second vowel indexes the column);
3. If any vowel is long, the resulting vowel is long;
4. Repeat from 1 until all hiatus has been resolved.

| a | ɛ | ɔ | e | ø | o | i | y | u
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
a | ɔ | a | ɔ | ɛ | ɛ | ɔ | e | ø | o
ɛ | ɛ | i | ø | i | e | ø | i | ø | ø
ɔ | ɔ | ø | ɔ | ø | ø | o | ø | ø | o
e | ɛ | i | ø | i | e | ø | i | ø | ø
ø | ø | e | ø | e | y | ø | y | y | y
o | ɔ | ø | o | ø | ø | u | ø | ø | u
i | ja | jɛ | jɔ | je | jø | jo | ji | jy | ju
y | ø | ø | ø | ø | y | ø | i | y | y
u | wa | wɛ | wɔ | we | wø | wo | wi | y | u

##
The Nahan Script

Mosici is written in the nahan alphabet (also named the Polia(h)r alphabet), which has the follwoing letters, digraphs and diacritics. The diacritic on the vowels is called the sitrapaóha [ɕdʁapɔː] (plural sitrapaóhaa [ɕdʁapoː])

Letter | Transliteration | Value (IPA) | Name | Name (IPA)
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
p | p | /p/ | paí | [pe]
o | o | /o/ | ós | [us]
l | l | /ʟ/ | lán | [ʟɔ̃]
i | i | /e/, /j/ | írne | [iɐ̯nɛ]
a | a | /a/ | ánp | [ɔ̃ɸ]
h | h | /∅/[1] | hapfe | [apfɛ]
r | r | /ʀ/ | fastesiec hapfe [2] | [fasteɕɛx apfɛ]
c | c | /k/ | cal | [kaẅ]
n | n | /n/ | naol | [nɔẅ]
e | e | /e/ | éstal | [istaẅ]
s | s | /s/ | sipal | [ɕpaẅ]
z | z | /z/ | fastesiec sipal | [fasteɕɛx ɕpaẅ]
f | f | /f/ | fasoh | [fasoː]
v | v | /v/ | fastesiec fasoh | [fasteɕex fasoː]
m | m | /m/ | milá | [miʎɔ]
t | t | /t/ | tecio | [tɛɟjo]

Spelling | Transliteration | Value (IPA)
--- | --- | ---
ó | ó | /u/
í | í | /i/
á | á | /ɔ/
é | é | /i/
si | si | /ɕ/
zi | zi | /ʑ/

The Nahan script also uses a number of punctuation marks:

Symbols | Transcriptions | Notes
--- | --- | ---
, | , | Comma, indicates a short pause in the sentence
. | . | Period, indicates the end of a sentence
( ) | “ ” or [ ] | Used as quotes, as well as around numerals[3]
- | · or ’ | Middle dot, used to separate clitics
: | : or . depending on use | Introduces lists, or indicates an abbreviation

##
Examples

- tráiheíns tráiheíns “fox”
  〈tʀɔiːɛins〉
  - */tʀøːins/ (Coalescence 1)
  - /tʀyːns/ (Coalescence 2)
  - [dʁỹːs] (Allophony rules)
- moséceec moséceec “of the isles”
  〈mosicɛɛk〉
  - /mosikik/ (Coalescence)
  - [mosiciç] (Allophony rules)
- an-nielvc an·nielvc "of Nyelaf"
  〈annjɛʟvk〉
  - /anjɛʟvk/ (Particle shenanigans)
  - [ãnjɛẅvɣ] (Allophony rules)

#
Morphology

##
Nouns

###
Number

Number is marked by a change of the last vowel of the root according to the patter in the following table. in practice the pronunciation of the plural isn't derivable from the pronunciation of the singular.

Singluar | Plurau
--- | ---
o | oo
ó | óo
i | ii
í | íi
a | aa
á | áa
e | ee
é | ée

###
Simple cases

For the main roles, there are 7 patterns: the concatenative pattern and the 6 substitutive patterns: s, z, ts, tz, cs, and cz.

| Concat | Subst s | Subst z | Subst ts | Subst tz | Subst cs | Subst cz
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Topic | ∅ | -s | -z | -ts | -tz | -cs | -cz
Oblique | -t | -t | -t | -t | -t | -t | -t
Genitive | -c | -c | -c | -c | -c | -c | -c
Dative | -si | -si | -zi | -tsi | -tzi | -csi | -czi
Ablative | -via | -via | -via | -tvia | -tvia | -cvia | -cvia

####
Topic

The topic case (`TOP`) indicates the topic of the clause. it is the agent of active clauses and the patient of passive clauses.

> loarne aint ilálapih.
> loarne aint ilálapih.
> Loarne.TOP DEM.OBL say.PAST.3SA
> Loarne said that

####
Oblique

The oblique case (`OBL`) indicates the less salient arguments of the clause that aren't indicated by another case. It indicates the patient of active clauses and the agent of passive clauses.

> nríht vionreeh
> nríht vionreeh
> seed.PL.OBL eat.PRES.3SA
> TheySG eat seeds.

####
Genitive

The genitive case (`GEN`) indicates a possessive or qualifier.

> ilc ren
> ilc ren
> 1S.GEN house.TOP
> My house

> áhioc isove
> áhioc isove
> fiction.GEN job
> Fictional job

####
Dative

The dative case (`DAT`) indicates the beneficiary of a ditransitive verbs, as well as the qualification direction faced. It however doesn't indicates the destination of verbs of movement towards. For those, use the oblique case, the dative indicates the means of movement instead.

> elsi rent siehíef.
> elsi rent siehíef.
> 2S.DAT house.OBL give.PRES.1S
> I give you a house.

> an-sialmosécet foítztselasi oisailin.
> an·sialmosécet foítztselasi oisailin.
> PPN=Chalmosique.OBL train.DAT go.PAST.2S
> You went to Chalmosique by train.

####
Ablative

The ablative case (`ABL`) indicates the source of ditransitive verbs, as well as indicating the tool of the action.
It however doesn't indicate the source of verbs of movements away from. For those, use the oblique case, the ablative indicates the means of movement instead.

> hoévenvia cirtív
> hoévenvia cirtív
> pen.ABL write.PAST.1PE
> WeEXCL wrote with a pen

> ie an-cairniasialvia
> ie an·cairniasialvia
> 3SA.TOP PPN=Cairniasial.ABL
> TheySG are from Cairniasial

> sialt fatóirvia hastereón
> sialt fatóirvia hastereón
> city.OBL boat.ABL exit.FUT.2P
> You'll leave the city by boat.

###
Compound cases

1. Lengthens a preceeding vowel↩︎

2. Literally “sounded h”↩︎

3. in shortend or informal writings as well as for dates, a middle dot either side of the numeral is used instead↩︎