generated from templates/typst-grammar
7 changed files with 1013 additions and 28 deletions
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1.envrc
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19Makefile
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35annwan-grammar.typ
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4default.nix
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640dictionnary.yml
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323main.typ
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19translations.org
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use nix |
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main.pdf: annwan-grammar.typ main.typ |
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typst c main.typ |
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# Programs
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TYPST = typst |
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RM = rm -f -- |
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OPEN = xdg-open |
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.PHONY: all clean |
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all: main.pdf |
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clean: |
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$(RM) main.pdf |
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main.pdf: annwan-grammar.typ main.typ dictionnary.yml |
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$(TYPST) c main.typ |
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open: main.pdf |
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$(OPEN) main.pdf |
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@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ |
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{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }: |
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pkgs.mkShell { |
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nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs.buildPackages; [ typst ]; |
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} |
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@ -1,4 +1,636 @@ |
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- w: Word In Language Goes Here |
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i: Pronounciation Goes Here |
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p: Part Of Speech Goes Here |
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n: Definition Goes Here |
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- w: ahtso |
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i: aːtso |
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p: n. |
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n: Object, thing. |
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|
- w: ahtsoilailas |
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i: aːtsølɛlas |
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p: n. |
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n: Noun. |
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|
- w: aivazia |
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i: ɛβaʑa |
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p: v. |
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n: To travel. |
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|
- w: an- |
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i: ã(t)- |
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p: cl. |
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n: Definite. _/t/ present in front of a vowel_ |
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|
- w: catsia |
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i: katɕa |
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p: v. |
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n: To be close. |
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|
- w: cetsiuá |
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i: kɛtɕwɔ |
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p: n. |
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n: Illness, disease. |
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|
- w: ciatzia |
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i: kjadʑa |
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p: n. |
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n: Action. |
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|
- w: ciatziailailas |
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i: kjadʑɛlɛlas |
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p: n. |
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n: Verb. |
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|
- w: cirta |
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i: keʀta |
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p: v. |
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n: To write. |
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- w: cirta |
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i: keʀta |
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p: n. |
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n: Writing, text. |
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|
- w: caó- |
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i: ko- |
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p: cl. |
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n: Augmentative. |
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|
- w: císoila |
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i: kisøla |
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p: n. |
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n: Psychology. |
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|
- w: cósian |
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i: kuɕã |
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p: n. |
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n: Mission. |
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- w: fastsie |
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i: ɸastɕɛ |
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p: n. |
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n: Sound. |
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|
- w: iaspola |
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i: jaspola |
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p: v. |
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n: To be safe. |
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- w: ila |
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i: ela |
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p: n. |
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n: Language. |
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|
- w: ilailas |
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i: elɛlas |
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p: n. |
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n: Word. |
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|
- w: iolna |
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i: jolna |
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p: n. |
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n: Category, type. |
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|
- w: iplesa |
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i: eplɛsa |
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p: n. |
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n: Person. |
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|
- w: laiva |
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i: lɛβa |
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p: v. |
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|
n: To be low. |
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|
- w: laraitsineh |
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i: laʀɛtɕnɛː |
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p: n. |
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n: Representative, delegate. |
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|
- w: lasiai |
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i: laɕɛ |
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p: n. |
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n: Joke. |
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|
- w: lezémáva |
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i: lɛzimɔβa |
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p: v. |
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n: To transform. |
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|
- w: loínela |
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i: lỹnɛla |
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p: v. |
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n: To duel. |
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- w: moséce |
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i: mosikɛ |
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p: n. |
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n: Island. |
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- w: na- |
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i: na- |
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p: cl. |
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n: Passive. |
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|
- w: neinfoí |
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i: nĩfy |
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p: n. |
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n: Wall. |
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- w: nemi |
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i: nɛme |
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p: n. |
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n: Moon. |
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- w: o |
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i: o |
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p: part. |
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n: Vocative, imperative. |
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|
- w: oilenioí |
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i: ølɛ̃njy |
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p: n. |
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n: Parameter, option. |
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|
- w: oisaila |
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i: øsɛla |
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p: v. |
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n: To go. |
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|
- w: oisaínla |
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i: øsẽla |
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p: v. |
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n: To be the default. |
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|
- w: onán |
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i: õnɔ̃ |
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p: n. |
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n: Image. |
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|
- w: opianloi |
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i: opjãlø |
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p: n. |
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n: Sequence, ordering. |
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|
- w: oíta |
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i: yta |
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p: v. |
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n: To be high. |
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- w: poisa |
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i: pøsa |
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p: v. |
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n: To be far. |
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- w: pílten |
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i: piltɛ̃ |
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p: n. |
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n: Chapter. |
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- w: rainsia |
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i: ʀɛ̃ɕa |
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p: v. |
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n: To compute, to calculate. |
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|
- w: rica |
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i: ʀeka |
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p: v. |
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n: To be. |
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- w: ritol |
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i: ʀetol |
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p: n. |
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n: Path, list of directions. |
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- w: ronseza |
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i: ʀõsɛza |
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p: v. |
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n: To protect. |
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|
- w: siásica |
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i: ɕɔɕka |
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p: v. |
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n: To dig. |
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- w: sién- |
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i: ɕĩ(n) |
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p: cl. |
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n: Causative mood |
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- w: tonel |
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i: tõnel |
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p: n. |
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n: Child. |
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- w: tsietresiansiai |
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i: tɕɛtʀɛɕãɕɛ |
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p: n. |
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n: Crime. |
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- w: térsiaín |
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i: tiʀɕẽ |
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p: n. |
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n: A type of traditional drum. |
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- w: mosécéc an-ila |
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i: mosikik ãtela |
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p: ppn. |
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n: The Mosici language. |
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- w: póliahc an-cirta |
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i: puljak ãkeʀta |
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p: ppn. |
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n: The Nahan (Puljà) Script. |
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- w: narahnc an-cirta |
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i: naʀãːk ãkeʀta |
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r: póliahc an-cirta |
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- w: tíhran |
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i: tiːʀã |
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p: n. |
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n: Purring. |
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- w: vántsa |
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i: βɔ̃tsa |
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p: v. |
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n: To relieve. |
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- w: ziatsva |
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i: ʑatsβa |
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p: v. |
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n: To have. |
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- w: áhio |
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i: ɔːjo |
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p: n. |
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n: Fiction. |
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- w: poisonán |
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i: pøsõnɔ̃ |
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p: n. |
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n: Television. |
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- w: áhionán |
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i: ɔːjõnɔ̃ |
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p: n. |
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n: Comic. |
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- w: ósiera |
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i: uɕɛʀa |
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p: v. |
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n: To dare. |
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- w: anmate |
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i: ãmatɛ |
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p: n |
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n: Parent. |
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- w: amate |
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i: amatɛ |
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r: anmate |
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- w: esienia |
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i: ɛɕɛ̃nja |
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p: v. |
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n: To come. |
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- w: niala |
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i: njala |
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p: v. |
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n: To be well. |
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- w: mosema |
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i: mosɛma |
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p: v. |
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n: To show. |
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- w: ravoló |
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i: ʀaβolu |
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p: n. |
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n: Face. |
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- w: notsio |
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i: notɕo |
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p: n. |
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n: Witch. |
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- w: ahsevia |
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i: aːsɛβja |
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p: v. |
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n: To curse someone. |
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- w: vimora |
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i: βemoʀa |
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p: v. |
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n: To be dark. |
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- w: ehvela |
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i: ɛːβɛla |
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p: v. |
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n: To look. |
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- w: mineila |
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i: mẽnila |
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p: v. |
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n: To doubt. |
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- w: soviela |
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i: soβjɛla |
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p: v. |
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n: To dream. |
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- w: vielora |
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i: βjɛloʀa |
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p: v. |
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n: To be real, to be true. |
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- w: nocasela |
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i: nokasɛla |
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p: v. |
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n: To stand. |
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- w: vio- |
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i: βjo- |
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p: cl. |
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n: Neccessitive. |
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- w: naserena |
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i: nasɛʀɛ̃na |
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p: v. |
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n: To be violent. |
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- w: sova |
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i: soβa |
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p: v. |
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n: To apologise.. |
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- w: sinea |
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i: ɕnɛ |
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p: v. |
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n: To be whole, To be complete. |
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- w: sine |
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i: ɕnɛ |
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p: n. |
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n: Entirety, everything. |
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- w: cistosia |
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i: kestoɕa |
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p: v. |
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n: To be foreign. |
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- w: ni- |
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i: ne- |
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p: cl. |
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n: Person that does _x_, person that comes from _x_. |
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- w: rel- |
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i: ʀɛl- |
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p: cl. |
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n: Diminutive. |
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- w: ohviel |
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i: oːβjɛl |
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p: n. |
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n: Plan. |
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- w: nisinar |
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i: neɕnaʀ |
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p: n. |
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n: Gem. |
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- w: nenari |
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i: nɛ̃naʀe |
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p: n. |
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n: Salt. |
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- w: posaltoi |
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i: posaltø |
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p: n. |
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n: Nut. |
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|
- w: tselcan |
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i: tsɛlcã |
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p: n. |
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n: Bread. |
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- w: renev |
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i: ʀɛ̃bɛβ |
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p: n. |
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n: Part. |
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- w: nasiera |
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i: naɕɛʀa |
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p: v. |
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n: To mean. |
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|
- w: ilcave |
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i: elkaβɛ |
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p: n. |
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n: Name. |
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|
- w: ilcava |
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i: elkaβa |
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p: v. |
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n: To be named. |
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- w: noseiler |
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i: nosilɛʀ |
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p: n |
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n: Sea turtle. |
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- w: nairalia |
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i: nɛʀalja |
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p: v. |
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|
n: To pretend. |
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|
- w: iestal |
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i: jɛstal |
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p: n. |
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n: Pocket. |
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|
- w: nestar |
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i: nestaʀ |
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p: n. |
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n: Cheese. |
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|
- w: zeca- |
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i: zɛka- |
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p: cl. |
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|
n: Also. |
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|
- w: asternia |
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|
i: astɛʀnja |
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p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be full. |
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|
- w: cosves |
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i: kosβɛs |
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p: n |
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|
n: Law, rule. |
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|
- w: pitsia |
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|
i: petɕa |
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|
p: n. |
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|
n: Question. |
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|
- w: asfiroina |
||||
|
i: asɸeʀø̃na |
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|
p: v. |
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|
n: To be different. |
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|
- w: pevalie |
||||
|
i: pɛβaljɛ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: situation. |
||||
|
- w: torala |
||||
|
i: toʀala |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To oppose, to rival. |
||||
|
- w: volana |
||||
|
i: βolãna |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To know. |
||||
|
- w: azela |
||||
|
i: azɛla |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To believe. |
||||
|
- w: roizela |
||||
|
i: ʀøzɛla |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be desperate. |
||||
|
- w: tzo- |
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|
i: dzo- |
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|
p: cl. |
||||
|
n: Progressive aspect. |
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|
- w: sineoli |
||||
|
i: ɕnɛole |
||||
|
p: adv. |
||||
|
n: Always. |
||||
|
- w: sineolia |
||||
|
i: ɕnɛolja |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be permanent. |
||||
|
- w: oli |
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|
i: ole |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Time. |
||||
|
- w: catero |
||||
|
i: katɛʀo |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Place. |
||||
|
- w: nicatero |
||||
|
i: nekatɛʀo |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Inhabitant. |
||||
|
- w: uescora |
||||
|
i: wɛskoʀa |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To attempt, to try. |
||||
|
- w: aitzie |
||||
|
i: ɛdʑɛ |
||||
|
p: interj. |
||||
|
n: Greetings. |
||||
|
- w: cia- |
||||
|
i: kja- |
||||
|
p: cl. |
||||
|
n: Collective. |
||||
|
- w: sial |
||||
|
i: ɕal |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: City (urban settlement). |
||||
|
- w: sialtore |
||||
|
i: ɕaltoʀɛ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: City-State. |
||||
|
- w: tostei |
||||
|
i: tosti |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Freedom. |
||||
|
- w: aínvoíhsa |
||||
|
i: ẽβyːsa |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be the same. |
||||
|
- w: písioíl |
||||
|
i: piɕyl |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Rarity, scarcity. |
||||
|
- w: vonora |
||||
|
i: βõnoʀa |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be small. |
||||
|
- w: raíntas |
||||
|
i: ʀẽtas |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Number. |
||||
|
- w: noze |
||||
|
i: nozɛ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Symbol, physical reprsentation of an abstract. |
||||
|
- w: ciacatoraic fatsiec an-cirta |
||||
|
i: kjakatoʀɛk ɸat͡ɕɛk ãkeʀta |
||||
|
p: ppn. |
||||
|
n: International Phonetic Alphabet. _#smallcaps[oow]_ |
||||
|
- w: memfratic an-ila |
||||
|
i: mɛmfʀatic ãtila |
||||
|
p: ppn. |
||||
|
n: Memphrascript. _#smallcaps[oow]_ |
||||
|
- w: tráiheíns |
||||
|
i: tʀỹːs |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Fox |
||||
|
- w: ainsa |
||||
|
i: ɛ̃sa |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: History |
||||
|
- w: aleta |
||||
|
i: alɛta |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be old |
||||
|
- w: seina |
||||
|
i: sĩna |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be wise |
||||
|
- w: vin |
||||
|
i: βẽ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Day |
||||
|
- w: sórna |
||||
|
i: suʀna |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be long |
||||
|
- w: samce |
||||
|
i: samkɛ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Land |
||||
|
- w: estar |
||||
|
i: ɛstaʀ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: King |
||||
|
- w: tonara |
||||
|
i: tõnaʀa |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To rule, administrate |
||||
|
- w: nólera |
||||
|
i: nulɛʀa |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To listen |
||||
|
- w: cualnea |
||||
|
i: kwalnɛ |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be envious |
||||
|
- w: siaolve |
||||
|
i: ɕɔlvɛ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Neigbour |
||||
|
- w: risieaolnehs |
||||
|
i: ʀeɕølnɛːs |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Conflict |
||||
|
- w: osólnra |
||||
|
i: osulnʀa |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To bring |
||||
|
- w: pial |
||||
|
i: pjal |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Fight |
||||
|
- w: hasoa |
||||
|
i: asɔ |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be quick, fast |
||||
|
- w: milnea |
||||
|
i: melnɛ |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To be clear, be unambiguous |
||||
|
- w: aoínleha |
||||
|
i: ỹlɛː |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To win |
||||
|
- w: iera |
||||
|
i: jɛʀa |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To create |
||||
|
- w: polna |
||||
|
i: polna |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: to start |
||||
|
- w: olaroín |
||||
|
i: olarỹ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: > |
||||
|
Peak, summit; |
||||
|
(_in historical contexts_) Golden Age |
||||
|
- w: ainole |
||||
|
i: ɛ̃nolɛ |
||||
|
p: conj. |
||||
|
n: So, thus |
||||
|
- w: starela |
||||
|
i: staʀɛla |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Great Cycle (216 years) |
||||
|
- w: zalán |
||||
|
i: zalɔ̃ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: End |
||||
|
- w: éna |
||||
|
i: ĩna |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To help |
||||
|
- w: írsal |
||||
|
i: iʀsal |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Management |
||||
|
- w: zonéa |
||||
|
i: zõnja |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To delegate |
||||
|
- w: farein |
||||
|
i: ɸaʀĩ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: mountain |
||||
|
- w: alasén |
||||
|
i: alasĩ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: coast |
||||
|
- w: isetoa |
||||
|
i: esɛtɔ |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: to be independant |
||||
|
- w: flanil |
||||
|
i: ɸlãnel |
||||
|
p: adv. |
||||
|
n: almost |
||||
|
- w: hastarea |
||||
|
i: astaʀɛ |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To quit, leave, exit |
||||
|
- w: misan |
||||
|
i: mesã |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Spring (season) |
||||
|
- w: roaile |
||||
|
i: ʀølɛ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Door, gate |
||||
|
- w: isniea |
||||
|
i: esnjɛ |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To open |
||||
|
- w: poír |
||||
|
i: pyʀ |
||||
|
p: adv. |
||||
|
n: Suddenly, quickly |
||||
|
- w: fataóír |
||||
|
i: fatyʀ |
||||
|
p: n. |
||||
|
n: Boat, ship |
||||
|
- w: inaoirnea |
||||
|
i: ẽnøʀnɛ |
||||
|
p: v. |
||||
|
n: To close |
||||
|
- w: relopian |
||||
|
i: ʀɛlopjã |
||||
|
p: interj. |
||||
|
n: Next |
||||
@ -1,4 +1,323 @@ |
|||||
#import "annwan-grammar.typ": * |
#import "annwan-grammar.typ": * |
||||
#show: it => conf(title: "", clong-title: "",clong-font: it => text(font: "Charis SIL", it), it) |
|
||||
|
#import "@preview/leipzig-glossing:0.3.0": * |
||||
|
#let gl = gloss.with(numbering: true, label-supplement: [Example]) |
||||
|
#let sc = smallcaps |
||||
|
#let nh = it => text(font: "Nahan", size: 1.5em, it) |
||||
|
#show: it => conf( |
||||
|
title: "The Mosici Language: A Comprehensive Grammar", |
||||
|
clong-title: "Mosécéc an-ila: Opinaloila Sineap", |
||||
|
main-font: (font: "Minion3"), |
||||
|
clong-font: nh, |
||||
|
it |
||||
|
) |
||||
|
#set table(stroke: none) |
||||
|
|
||||
#dict(data: yaml("dictionnary.yml"), wformat: it => text(font: "Charis SIL", [*#it*])) |
|
||||
|
= Sounds and Letters |
||||
|
== Phonology and Phonotactics |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Mosici has the following vowels (all of which may be nasalised, for a total of 36) and consonants: |
||||
|
#align(center, grid(columns: 2, gutter: 1em, |
||||
|
table( |
||||
|
columns: 3, |
||||
|
align: horizon + center, |
||||
|
table.vline(x: 1), |
||||
|
[], [*Front*], [*Back*], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
[*Close*], [i y], [u], |
||||
|
[*Close-Mid*], [e ø], [o], |
||||
|
[*Open-Mid*], [ɛ], [ɔ], |
||||
|
[*Open*], [a], [], |
||||
|
), table(align: horizon+center, columns: 5, table.vline(x: 1), |
||||
|
[], [*Labial*], [*Coronal*], [*Palatal*], [*Dorsal*], table.hline(), |
||||
|
[*Nasal*], [m], [n], [], [], |
||||
|
[*Plosive*], [p], [t], [], [k], |
||||
|
[*Fricative*], [ɸ β], [s z], [ɕ ʑ], [ʀ], |
||||
|
[*Liquid*], [w], [l], [j], [(w)]) |
||||
|
)) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
The minimal syllable structure is *V* maximal syllable structure is *CCCVCCC*. |
||||
|
Vowel hiatus is not permitted. |
||||
|
|
||||
|
== The Nahan Script |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Mosici is written in the Nahan script (also know as the Póliahr script). The script is an alphabet composed of the following letters: |
||||
|
#align(center, table(align:horizon+center, columns: 10, table.vline(x: 1), |
||||
|
[*Letter*], nh[p], nh[o], nh[l], nh[i], nh[a], nh[h], nh[r], nh[u], nh[c], |
||||
|
[*Translit.*], [p], [o], [l], [i], [a], [h], [r], [u], [c], |
||||
|
[*Name*], nh[paí], nh[ós], nh[lán], nh[írni], nh[ánta], nh[hapfe], nh[ris], nh[uoc], nh[cal], |
||||
|
[*Name (Translit.)*],[paí], [ós], [lán], [írni], [ánta], [hapfe], [ris], [uoc], [cal], |
||||
|
[*IPA*],[/p/],[/o/],[/l/],[/e/, /j/],[/a/],[∅#footnote[lengthens a preceding vowel]],[/ʀ/],[/w/],[/k/], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
[*Letter*], nh[n], nh[e], nh[s], nh[z], nh[f], nh[v], nh[m], nh[t], [], |
||||
|
[*Translit.*], [n], [e], [s], [z], [f], [v], [m], [t], [], |
||||
|
[*Name*], nh[naol], nh[éstal], nh[sipal], nh[zorel], nh[fasoh], nh[viren], nh[milo], nh[tecio], [], |
||||
|
[*Name (Translit.)*], [naol], [éstal], [sipal], [zorel], [fasoh], [viren], [milo], [tecio], [], |
||||
|
[*IPA*], [/n/#footnote[nasalises a preceeding vowel, isn’t pronounced when followed by a consonant]], [/ɛ/], [/s/], [/z/], [/ɸ/], [/β/], [/m/], [/t/], [], |
||||
|
)) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
There is also the following modified letters and common digraphs. The diacritic on the vowels is called the #nh[sitrapaóha] ‹sitrapaóha›. |
||||
|
|
||||
|
#align(center, table(align: center+horizon, columns: 3, |
||||
|
[*Letter(s)*], [*Translit.*], [*IPA*], table.hline(), |
||||
|
nh[ó], [ó], [/u/], |
||||
|
nh[í], [í], [/i/], |
||||
|
nh[á], [á], [/ɔ/], |
||||
|
nh[é], [é], [/i/], |
||||
|
nh[si], [si], [/ɕ/], |
||||
|
nh[zi], [zi], [/ʑ/], |
||||
|
)) |
||||
|
#pagebreak(weak:true) |
||||
|
== Vowel Coalescence |
||||
|
Would-be vowel hiatuses are resolved by vowel coalescence. Coalescence happens from both ends of the vowel clusters at the same time (the starting side taking priority) with the following rules: |
||||
|
- If any of the two coalescing vowel is long, the resulting vowel is long |
||||
|
- If the first vowel is nasal, no coalescence happens, instead a /n/ is inserted |
||||
|
- If the second vowel is nasal, the resulting vowel is nasal. |
||||
|
- Repeat until all hiatuses have been resolved |
||||
|
|
||||
|
#align(center, table(align: center+horizon, columns: 10, table.vline(x: 1), |
||||
|
table.vline(x: 4), table.vline(x: 7), |
||||
|
[*Second → \ ↓ First*], [*i*], [*y*], [*u*], [*e*], [*ø*], [*o*], [*ɛ*], [*ɔ*], [*a*], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
[*i*], [ji], [jy], [ju], [je], [jø], [jo], [jɛ], [jɔ], [ja], |
||||
|
[*y*], [i], [y], [y], [ø], [y], [ø], [ø], [ø], [ø], |
||||
|
[*u*], [wi], [y], [u], [we], [wø], [wo], [wɛ], [wɔ], [wa], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
[*e*], [i], [ø], [ø], [i], [e], [ø], [e], [ø], [ɛ], |
||||
|
[*ø*], [y], [y], [y], [e], [y], [ø], [e], [ø], [ø], |
||||
|
[*o*], [ø], [ø], [u], [ø], [ø], [u], [ø], [o], [ɔ], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
[*ɛ*], [i], [ø], [ø], [i], [e], [ø], [e], [ø], [ɛ], |
||||
|
[*ɔ*], [ø], [ø], [o], [ø], [ø], [o], [ø], [ɔ], [ɔ], |
||||
|
[*a*], [e], [ø], [o], [ɛ], [ɛ], [ɔ], [a], [ɔ], [ɔ], |
||||
|
)) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
*Examples*: |
||||
|
#let x = it => text(fill: color.rgb("#800") ,it) |
||||
|
- #nh[sinea] ‹sinea› \*/ɕn#x[ɛa]/ → /ɕn#[*ɛ*]/ |
||||
|
- #nh[tráiheíns] ‹tráiheíns› \*/tʀ#x[ɔeː]ɛĩs/ → \*/tʀ#[*øː*]#x[ɛĩ]s/ → \*/tʀ#x[øː#[*ĩ*]]s/ → /tʀ#[*ỹː*]s/ |
||||
|
= Morphology |
||||
|
== Nouns |
||||
|
Noun patterns are referenced by 2 parameters: the vowel categories, which |
||||
|
affects plural formation, and the consonant category which affects case marking. |
||||
|
|
||||
|
=== Vowel patterns and plurals |
||||
|
|
||||
|
There 2 are categories of vowel patterns: plain patterns and accented patterns. |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Plain patterns occur when the last vowel of the root of the noun is unmarked (it |
||||
|
doesn’t have a sitrapaóha). The plural in plain patterns is marked by placing a sitrapaóha on the |
||||
|
last vowel of the root of the noun. |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Accented patterns occur when the last vowel of the root of the noun already has |
||||
|
a sitrapaóha. The result of pluralisation is dependent of the vowel |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Nasalisation is preserved by pluralisation |
||||
|
|
||||
|
#align(center, table(columns: 2, [*Root vowel*], [*Plural form*], table.hline(), |
||||
|
nh[ó], nh[uo], |
||||
|
nh[í], nh[íi], |
||||
|
nh[á], nh[o], |
||||
|
nh[é], nh[ie], |
||||
|
)) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
=== Consonant patterns and cases |
||||
|
There are 3 consonantal patterns: Concatenative, Substitutive I, and Substitutive II. |
||||
|
|
||||
|
The concatenative pattern is used when the root of a noun ends in a vowel, or any of the following consonants: /p f v r w l j/, in this case the case marking affix is placed after the root: |
||||
|
#align(center, table(columns: 2, [*Case*], [*Affix*], table.hline(), |
||||
|
[*Nominative*], [∅], |
||||
|
[*Accusative*], nh[-t], |
||||
|
[*Genitive*], nh[-c], |
||||
|
[*Allative*], nh[-si], |
||||
|
[*Illative*], nh[-via], |
||||
|
)) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
The Substitutive I pattern is used when a noun root ends in /s/, in this case, the case marking replaces the final consonant: |
||||
|
#align(center, table(columns: 2, [*Case*], [*Affix*], table.hline(), |
||||
|
[*Nominative*], nh[-s], |
||||
|
[*Accusative*], nh[-t], |
||||
|
[*Genitive*], nh[-c], |
||||
|
[*Allative*], nh[-si], |
||||
|
[*Illative*], nh[-via], |
||||
|
)) |
||||
|
#pagebreak(weak: true) |
||||
|
The Substitutive II pattern is used when a noun root ends in /z/, this pattern is similar to the Substitutive I pattern except the nominative and allative are voiced: |
||||
|
#align(center, table(columns: 2, [*Case*], [*Affix*], table.hline(), |
||||
|
[*Nominative*], nh[-z], |
||||
|
[*Accusative*], nh[-t], |
||||
|
[*Genitive*], nh[-c], |
||||
|
[*Allative*], nh[-zi], |
||||
|
[*Ablative*], nh[-via], |
||||
|
)) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Here are some examples |
||||
|
#align(center,table(columns: 3, table.vline(x: 1), |
||||
|
[], sc[*sg*], sc[*pl*], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
sc[*nom*], nh[iplesa], nh[iplesá], |
||||
|
sc[*acc*], nh[iplesat], nh[iplesát], |
||||
|
sc[*gen*], nh[iplesac], nh[iplesác], |
||||
|
sc[*all*], nh[iplesasi], nh[iplesási], |
||||
|
sc[*abl*], nh[iplesavia], nh[iplesávia], |
||||
|
) + [#nh[iplesa] “person” (P/C)]) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
#align(center,table(columns: 3, table.vline(x: 1), |
||||
|
[], sc[*sg*], sc[*pl*], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
sc[*nom*], nh[tráiheíns], nh[tráiheíins], |
||||
|
sc[*acc*], nh[tráiheínt], nh[tráiheíint], |
||||
|
sc[*gen*], nh[tráiheínc], nh[tráiheíinc], |
||||
|
sc[*all*], nh[tráiheínsi], nh[tráiheíinsi], |
||||
|
sc[*abl*], nh[tráiheínvia], nh[tráiheíinvia], |
||||
|
) + [#nh[tráiheíns] “fox” (I-A/S-I)]) |
||||
|
#align(center,table(columns: 3, table.vline(x: 1), |
||||
|
[], sc[*sg*], sc[*pl*], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
sc[*nom*], nh[naleóz], nh[naleuoz], |
||||
|
sc[*acc*], nh[naleót], nh[naleuot], |
||||
|
sc[*gen*], nh[naleóc], nh[naleuoc], |
||||
|
sc[*all*], nh[naleózi], nh[naleuozi], |
||||
|
sc[*abl*], nh[naleóvia], nh[naleuovia], |
||||
|
) + [#nh[naleóz] “livestock” (O-A/S-II)]) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
=== Definite Particle #nh[an-] |
||||
|
The definite is marked by the prefix particle #nh[an-] ‹an-› on the head noun. |
||||
|
This particle has a special pronounciation rule where before a vowel it is not pronounced \*/ãn-/ but /ãt-/. This is a hold-over from Middle Mosici where it was /ant/ (from Nyelavi anətə) in all environments. |
||||
|
|
||||
|
*Examples*: |
||||
|
- #nh[farein] /ɸaʀĩ/ “mountain”, #nh[an-farein] /ãfaʀĩ/ “the mountain” |
||||
|
- #nh[iplesa] /eplɛsa/ “person”, #nh[an-iplesa] /ãteplɛsa/ “the person” |
||||
|
|
||||
|
=== Locatives |
||||
|
|
||||
|
The spatial locative is formed by expressing the noun in the genitive and following it by the particle #nh[la] ‹la› |
||||
|
|
||||
|
The temporal locative is formed by expressing the noun in the accusative and following it by the particle #nh[anop]. |
||||
|
|
||||
|
*Examples*: |
||||
|
- #nh[sialc la] “in a city” |
||||
|
- #nh[an-vint anop] “on the day” |
||||
|
|
||||
|
== Verbs |
||||
|
|
||||
|
Mosici verbs are inflected for tense and person by a suffix. The gnomic apersonal is used as the lemma form of verbs |
||||
|
|
||||
|
#align(center, |
||||
|
table(columns: 12, table.vline(x: 1), table.vline(x: 5), table.vline(x: 10), |
||||
|
[], sc[*1s*], sc[*2s*], sc[*3sa*], sc[*3si*], sc[*1pe*], sc[*1pi*], sc[*2p*] , sc[*3pa*], sc[*3pi*], sc[*inf*], sc[*pcp*], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
sc[*pst*], nh[-if], nh[-in], nh[-ih], nh[-is], nh[-ív], nh[-ím], nh[-ín], nh[-ír], nh[-íz], nh[-i], nh[-ip], |
||||
|
sc[*prs*], nh[-ef], nh[-en], nh[-eh], nh[-es], nh[-év], nh[-ém], nh[-én], nh[-ér], nh[-éz], nh[-e], nh[-ep], |
||||
|
sc[*fut*], nh[-of], nh[-on], nh[-oh], nh[-os], nh[-óv], nh[-óm], nh[-ón], nh[-ór], nh[-óz], nh[-o], nh[-op], |
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sc[*gno*], nh[-af], nh[-an], nh[-ah], nh[-as], nh[-áv], nh[-ám], nh[-án], nh[-ár], nh[-áz], nh[-a], nh[-ap] |
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|
) |
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) |
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|
Note that the #sc[pst.pl] and the #sc[prs.pl] are pronounced identically in all environments. |
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|
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|
#align(center, |
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table(columns: 12, align: horizon, table.vline(x: 1), table.vline(x: 5), table.vline(x: 10), |
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|
[], sc[*1s*], sc[*2s*], sc[*3sa*], sc[*3si*], sc[*1pe*], sc[*1pi*], sc[*2p*] , sc[*3pa*], sc[*3pi*], sc[*inf*], sc[*pcp*], |
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table.hline(), |
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table.cell(rowspan: 2, sc[*pst*]), nh[oítif], nh[oítin], nh[oítih], nh[oítis], nh[oítív], nh[oítím], nh[oítín], nh[oítír], nh[oítíz], nh[oíti], nh[oítip], |
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[ytef], [ytẽ], [yteː], [ytes], [ytiβ], [ytim], [ytĩ], [ytiʀ], [ytiz], [yte], [ytep], |
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|
table.hline(), |
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|
table.cell(rowspan: 2, sc[*prs*]), nh[oítef], nh[oíten], nh[oíteh], nh[oítes], nh[oítév], nh[oítém], nh[oítén], nh[oítér], nh[oítéz], nh[oíte], nh[oítep], |
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[ytɛf], [ytɛ̃], [ytɛː], [ytɛs], [ytiβ], [ytim], [ytĩ], [ytiʀ], [ytiz], [ytɛ], [ytɛp], |
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|
table.hline(), |
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|
table.cell(rowspan: 2, sc[*fut*]), nh[oítof], nh[oíton], nh[oítoh], nh[oítos], nh[oítóv], nh[oítóm], nh[oítón], nh[oítór], nh[oítóz], nh[oíto], nh[oítop], |
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|
[ytof], [ytõ], [ytoː], [ytos], [ytuβ], [ytum], [ytũ], [ytuʀ], [ytuz], [yto], [ytop], |
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|
table.hline(), |
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|
table.cell(rowspan: 2, sc[*gno*]), nh[oítaf], nh[oítan], nh[oítah], nh[oítas], nh[oítáv], nh[oítám], nh[oítán], nh[oítár], nh[oítáz], nh[oíta], nh[oítap], |
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|
[ytaf], [ytã], [ytaː], [ytas], [ytɔβ], [ytɔm], [ytɔ̃], [ytɔʀ], [ytɔz], [yta], [ytap], |
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|
) + [ |
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|
Conjugation table for #nh[oíta] “_to be high_” |
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|
] + |
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|
{ |
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|
let nh = it => text(font: "Nahan", size: 1.25em, it) |
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|
table(columns: 12, align: horizon, table.vline(x: 1), table.vline(x: 5), table.vline(x: 10), |
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|
[], sc[*1s*], sc[*2s*], sc[*3sa*], sc[*3si*], sc[*1pe*], sc[*1pi*], sc[*2p*] , sc[*3pa*], sc[*3pi*], sc[*inf*], sc[*pcp*], |
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|
table.hline(), |
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|
table.cell(rowspan: 2, sc[*pst*]), nh[sineif], nh[sinein], nh[sineih], nh[sineis], nh[sineív], nh[sineím], nh[sineín], nh[sineír], nh[sineíz], nh[sinei], nh[sineip], |
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|
[ɕnif], [ɕnĩ], [ɕniː], [ɕnis], [ɕniβ], [ɕnim], [ɕnĩ], [ɕniʀ], [ɕniz], [ɕni], [ɕnip], |
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|
table.hline(), |
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|
table.cell(rowspan: 2, sc[*prs*]), nh[sineef], nh[sineen], nh[sineeh], nh[sinees], nh[sineév], nh[sineém], nh[sineén], nh[sineér], nh[sineéz], nh[sinee], nh[sineep], |
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|
[ɕnef], [ɕnẽ], [ɕneː], [ɕnes], [ɕniβ], [ɕnim], [ɕnĩ], [ɕniʀ], [ɕniz], [ɕne], [ɕnep], |
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|
table.hline(), |
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|
table.cell(rowspan: 2, sc[*fut*]), nh[sineof], nh[sineon], nh[sineoh], nh[sineos], nh[sineóv], nh[sineóm], nh[sineón], nh[sineór], nh[sineóz], nh[sineo], nh[sineop], |
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|
[ɕnøf], [ɕnø̃], [ɕnøː], [ɕnøs], [ɕnøβ], [ɕnøm], [ɕnɛø̃], [ɕnøʀ], [ɕnøz], [ɕnø], [ɕnøp], |
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|
table.hline(), |
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|
table.cell(rowspan: 2, sc[*gno*]), nh[sineaf], nh[sinean], nh[sineah], nh[sineas], nh[sineáv], nh[sineám], nh[sineán], nh[sineár], nh[sineáz], nh[sinea], nh[sineap], |
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|
[ɕnɛf], [ɕnɛ̃], [ɕnɛː], [ɕnɛs], [ɕnøβ], [ɕnøm], [ɕnø̃], [ɕnøʀ], [ɕnøz], [ɕnɛ], [ɕnɛp], |
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|
)} + [ |
||||
|
Conjugation table for #nh[sinea] “_to be complete_” |
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|
] |
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|
|
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|
) |
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|
|
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|
|
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|
|
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|
=== Tense and Person |
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|
|
||||
|
=== Mood and Aspect |
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|
|
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|
=== Stative verbs and verbal nouns |
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|
|
||||
|
= Numbers |
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|
|
||||
|
Mosici uses base six numerals. Ordinals are formed by using the number in the genitive. Numbers are notatied using bijecteve positional notation with the letters #nh[m l t f n] and #nh[s] as digits, least significant digit to the left, sometimes written inbetween #nh[()] to limit ambiguity. The ordinal shorthand is a subscript #nh[c] (for example #nh[(mlss#sub[c])] “1525#super[th]”). |
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|
#align(center, table(columns: 4, |
||||
|
[*Decimal*], [*Senary*], [*Shorthand*], [*Number*], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
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|
[1], [1], nh[m], nh[mon], |
||||
|
[2], [2], nh[l], nh[lí], |
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|
[3], [3], nh[t], nh[tep], |
||||
|
[4], [4], nh[f], nh[vol], |
||||
|
[5], [5], nh[n], nh[nar], |
||||
|
[6], [10], nh[s], nh[sel], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
[7], [11], nh[mm], nh[mon-sel], |
||||
|
[8], [12], nh[lm], nh[lí-sel], |
||||
|
[12], [20], nh[sm], nh[sellí], |
||||
|
[13], [21], nh[ml], nh[mon-sellí], |
||||
|
[18], [30], nh[sl], nh[seltep], |
||||
|
[24], [40], nh[st], nh[selvol], |
||||
|
[30], [50], nh[sf], nh[selnar], |
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|
[36], [100], nh[sn], nh[siant], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
[37], [101], nh[ms], nh[mon-siant], |
||||
|
[42], [110], nh[ss], nh[sel-siant], |
||||
|
[43], [111], nh[mmm], nh[mon-sel-siant], |
||||
|
[72], [200], nh[snm], nh[siantlí], |
||||
|
[108], [300], nh[snl], nh[sianttep], |
||||
|
[144], [400], nh[snt], nh[siantvol], |
||||
|
[180], [500], nh[snf], nh[siantnar], |
||||
|
[216], [1000], nh[snn], nh[starel], |
||||
|
table.hline(), |
||||
|
[432], [2000], nh[snnm], nh[starelí], |
||||
|
[648], [3000], nh[snnl], nh[stareltep], |
||||
|
[864], [4000], nh[snnt], nh[starelvol], |
||||
|
[1080], [5000], nh[snnf], nh[starelnar], |
||||
|
[1296], [10000], nh[snnn], nh[pamonstrel] |
||||
|
)) |
||||
|
|
||||
|
For larger numbers, series of powers of 1296#sub[DEC] are used. They are of the form #nh[pa]...#nh[strel]. For example: |
||||
|
- #nh[pamonstrel] = 1296#super[1] = 1296 |
||||
|
- #nh[palístrel] = 1296#super[2] = 1679616 |
||||
|
- #nh[pasiantstrel] = 1296#super[36] |
||||
|
Shorthand is typically divided in groups of four, separated by spaces. For example #nh[(msln ffls nt)] = 40 0244 5301#sub[SEN] = 40 441 573#sub[DEC]. |
||||
|
|
||||
|
= Syntax |
||||
|
|
||||
|
= Sample texts |
||||
|
|
||||
|
#dict(data: yaml("dictionnary.yml"), wformat: nh, key: it => { |
||||
|
let alphabet = (p: "a", o: "b", ó: "b", l: "c", i: "d", í: "d", a: "e", á: "e", h: "f", r: "g", u: "h", c: "i", n: "j", e:"k",é:"k",s:"m",z:"n",f:"o",v:"p",m: "q", t:"r","-":" "," ":" ") |
||||
|
let a = () |
||||
|
for letter in it.w { |
||||
|
a.push(alphabet.at(letter)) |
||||
|
} |
||||
|
return a.join() |
||||
|
}, |
||||
|
debug: true |
||||
|
) |
||||
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ |
|||||
|
#+TITLE: Mosici Translations |
||||
|
|
||||
|
* CWS Glossica week 2024-10-21 |
||||
|
|
||||
|
planet ADE person PROX.PL COP.3.AN 3.TEMP.NPST warrior DIST.PL CONJ.listing.inclusive mind TOP.AN<CNS.3> god COP.3.AN |
||||
|
|
||||
|
these people on the planet are those wariors who list what the will of god is. ??????? |
||||
|
|
||||
|
an-Sortahc cosvet rikapt lapáp iet an-nirisieaolnéht astanorc la ain an-iplesà |
||||
|
|
||||
|
DEF-god-GEN will.ACC COP.NMZ.ACC tell.NMZ.PL 3S.DIST.ACC DEF-warrior.PL.ACC world.GEN LOC 3S.PROX DEF-person.PL |
||||
|
|
||||
|
* Hambone — The deathworlders Chapter 0 |
||||
|
|
||||
|
#+begin_quote |
||||
|
“Next!” I ordered. I did not at first bother to look up from the desktop in front of me where the standard security systems were scanning the being in front of me for weapons, pathogens, parasites and other such contraband. I only looked up when the machine flashed a message I had never seen before: “ERROR: Unknown Species” |
||||
|
#+end_quote |
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
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